In Vitro Conservation of Twenty-Three Overexploited Medicinal Plants Belonging to the Indian Sub Continent

Table 1

Details of the plants collected, medicinal value and their site of collection for in vitro conservation.

S. no.	Plant species	Family	Part used	Medicinal value	Zone of collection	Coordinates/altitude of site of collection
(1)	Acorus calamus	Araceae	Rhizome	Antiasthmatic, antibronchitis, antidiarrhoea, used in dysentery, stomach ache, and constipation	Western Himalayas	29°54′36′′N 79°37′46′′E; 1,500 mt
(2)	Aloe vera	Aloaceae	Leaves	Purgative, liver tonic, and used against skin allergies	Central Highlands	21°54′N 83°24′E; 215 mt
(3)	Bacopa moneeiri	Scrophulariaceae	Whole plant	Diuretic, cardiac, nervine, and tonic, improve intellect, used against asthma, hoarseness, insanity, epilepsy, potent nervous tonic, and antianxiety agent	Western Ghats	10°31′N 76°13′E; 2.83 mt
(4)	Bergenia ciliata	Saxifragaceae	Whole plant	Used against pimples, sun burn, stomach ache, muscular pain, and running eyes	Western Himalaya	25°34′N 91°53′E; 1,525 mt
(5)	Coleus forskohlii	Labiateae	Roots	Antiglaucoma, antiplatelet, bronchospasmolytic, cardiotonic, hypotensive, antiaging, antiallergic, smooth muscle, and arterial relaxant, antiasthmatic	Western Himalaya	29°54′36′′N 79°37′46′′E; 1,500 mt
(6)	Elaeocarpus spehericus	Elaeocarpaceae	Fruits/seed kernel	Expectorant, used against nervous weakness, insanity, epilepsy, melancholia, mania, other mental disorders, insomnia, headache, jaundice, hypertension, and fever	Central Highlands	21°08′N 81°23′E; 298 mt
(7)	Gentiana kurroo	Gentianaceae	Roots	Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bitter tonic, cholagogue, emmenagogue, febrifuge, refrigerant, stomachic	Northeast Himalaya	27°0′N 88°16′E; 5,307 mt
(8)	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Fabaceae	Roots/rhizomes	Expectorant, diuretic, mild laxative, antiarthritic, antiinflammatory, antibiotic, antiviral, antiulcer, memory stimulant, antitussive, aphrodisiac, antimitotic, estrogenic, antioxidant, anticaries agent, antineoplastic, anticholinergic, antidiuretic	Gangetic plain	26°51′N 80°55′E; 128 mt
(9)	Indigofera tinctoria	Fabaceae	Leaves	Blood purifier (detoxify) reduces inflammation and alleviate pain antiseptic, stimulant	Gangetic plain	26°51′N 80°55′E; 128 mt
(10)	Jurinea mollis	Compositae	Root	Eruptions, decoction is given in colic, puerperal fever	Western Himalaya	31°58′N 77°06′E; 1220 mt
(11)	Lavandula officinalis	Labiateae	Whole plant	Known for essence, stimulant, sternutatory and tonic	Semiarid Zone	30.83°N 76.93°E; 656 mt
(12)	Ocimum sanctum	Labiateae	Leaves/seeds	Diaphoteric, antiperiodic, stimulating, expectorant, and anticatarrhal	Gangetic plain	26°51′N 80°55′E; 128 mt
(13)	Papaver somniferum	Papaveraceae	Capsule	Narcotic, analgesic, muscle relaxant, and antimicrobial agent	Gangetic plain	26°51′N 80°55′E; 128 mt
(14)	Paris polyphylla	Trilliaceae	Roots	Analgesic, anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, antitussive, narcotic	Western Himalaya	30°25′N 79°20′E; 2,500 mt
(15)	Picrorrhiza kurroa	Scrophulariaceae	Root/stem	Used in fever, gastralgia, as laxative, liver complaints, anaemia. and jaundice	Western Himalaya	29°49′23′′N 79°26′54′′E; 2,286 mt
(16)	Pyrethrum cinerariefolium	Compositae	Whole plant	Febrifuge, stimulatory, and stimulant of nervous system, insecticide	Western Himalaya	29°54′36′′N 79°37′46′′E; 1,500 mt
(17)	Psoralea corylifolia	Papilionaceae	Seeds	Against bacteria causing skin diseases, leucoderma, leprosy, and psoriasis	Western Ghats	12°58′N 77°34′E; 920 mt
(18)	Rheum emodii	Polygonaceae	Roots	Stomach pains, constipation, dysentery, swelling of throat, and tonsillitis	Western Himalaya	32°22′N 77°14′E;3,979 mt
(19)	Salvia sclarea	Labiateae	Leaves/flower tops	Antidepressant, anticonvulsive, antispasmodic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, deodorant, digestive, emmenagogue, euphoric, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, stomachic, uterine and nerve tonic	Western Himalaya	31°58′N 77°06′E; 1,220 mt
(20)	Saussurea lappa	Compositae	Root	Antiseptic, disinfectant, bronchitis, asthma, flatulence, and cardiac complaints	Northeast Himalaya	27°0′N 88°16′E; 5,307 mt
(21)	Swertia cordata	Gentianaceae	Whole plant	Blood purifier, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antidiarrhoea	Western Himalaya	29°49′23′′N 79°26′54′′E; 2,286 mt
(22)	Stevia rebaudiana	Asteraceae	Leaves	Sweetener (regulate blood sugar), increase energy level, mental alertness, appetite, vasodilator, skin care	Western Ghats	10°31′N 76°13′E; 2.83 mt
(23)	Valeriana wallichii	Valerianaceae	Roots	Useful in disease of eye, blood, liver, and spleen enlargement. Also useful in cleaning voice, headache	Western Himalaya	30°27′N 78°05′E; 1,876 mt