Review Article

Beyond the Definitions of the Phenotypic Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: An Update on Management

Table 5

Classification of opioid analgesicsg.

(1) μ Agonists
 Codeine: O, P
 Hydrocodone: O
 Morphine: O, P, IR, CR
 Hydromorphone: O, P, IR, CR
 Oxycodone: O, IR, CR
 Meperidine: O, P, IR
 Fentanyl: TD, OTM, OBU, P, IR, CR
 Oxymorphone: O, P, IR, CR
 Methadone: O, P, LA
 Levorphanol: O, P, LA
(2) Partial agonists
 Buprenorphine: P, OSLG, TD
(3) Mixed agonists antagonists
 Pentazocine: O, P, IR
 Nalbuphine: P, IR
 Butorphanol: P, IN, IR
(4) Others
 Tapentadol: O, IR
 Tramadol: O, IR, CR

O; oral; P; parenteral; IR; immediate release; CR; controlled release; TD; transdermal; OTM; oral transmembranous; OBU; oral buccal; LA; long-acting; OSLG; oral sublingual; IN; intranasal.