Review Article

General Analytical Schemes for the Characterization of Pectin-Based Edible Gelled Systems

Table 2

Typical examples of experimental setup and recorded parameters based on large deformation rheological measurements for pectin-based gels.

Sample ingredientsExperimental setupRecorded parametersReference(s)

Strawberry,
peach, and pectin
(jam)
Puncture test, Stevens LFRA texture analyzer;
probe; spherical; 12.7 mm diameter;
speed: 0.5 mm/s; penetration depth: 20 mm;
samples shape and size: cylindrical, 56 mm diameter
Break load value
(gel strength)
Carbonell et al. [13]

ALMP and grape juice
(jelly)
TPA, TAX-T2 texturometer (stable microsystems);
probe: cylindrical; 2.5 cm diameter; depth: 4 mm;
speed: 2 mm/s; sample shape and size:
cylindrical, 30 mm diameter; 40 mm height
Hardness
Cohesiveness
Sousa et al. [14]

Apple pomace, quince
(natural pectin sources),
and sugar
(jelly)
TPA universal testing machine (MTS synergy 200H)
compression depth: 3 mm; speed: 20 mm/min;
sample shape and size: rectangular, 1 cm width;
2 cm length, 1 cm thickness
Hardness
Cohesiveness
Royer et al. [15]

Fish paste and ALMP
(fish gel)
TPA, TA-XT2i texturometer (Stable Micro Systems,
Viena Court, England); probe: aluminum cylindrical,
P/50, 50 mm diameter, speed: 60 mm/min
compression depth: at 75% initial sample height;
sample shape and size: cylindrical, 19 mm diameter, 30 mm length
Fracturability
Hardness
Cohesiveness
Springiness
Ramírez et al. [4]

Fish paste and ALMP
(fish gel)
Puncture test; probe: spherical, P/0.5 s, 12 mm diameter;
speed: 60 mm/min
compression depth: 75% initial sample height
Breaking force
Gel strength
Gel deformation
Ramírez et al. [4]  

ALMP and carrageenan,
(dairy gelled dessert)
Penetration test, texture analyser TA-XT2i
(stable microsystems, Surrey, UK);
probe: 1/2 inch cylindrical, Depth: 12 mm,
speed: 1 mm/s
Firmness
Adhesiveness
Fracture point
Arltoft et al. [2]

ALMP: amidated low methoxyl pectin; TPA: texture profile analysis.