An Update on Diabetic Women Obstetrical Outcomes Linked to Preconception and Pregnancy Glycemic Profile: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 3

Detailed data about obstetric, fetal, and neonatal outcomes by type of diabetes. Results shown as mean percentage (%).

Outcomes	Type 1 DM	Type 2 DM
Preeclampsia [10–12, 16, 17, 19, 20]	9.7	5.4
Preterm delivery [10, 11, 16, 17, 19]	33.6	32
Caesarian section [10–13, 16–19]	54.2	50.7
Miscarriages [15, 16, 20]	13.4	12.4
Stillbirth [8, 11, 13, 19]	2.8	1.9
Perinatal deaths [8, 10–14, 17–19]	2.05	3.36
Malformations [7, 8, 10–19]	5.3	5.7
Macrosomia [9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18–20]	22.3	21.7
Small for gestational age [12, 14, 17, 18, 20]	3.28	5.7

DM: diabetes mellitus.