Antioxidant, Antityrosinase, Anticholinesterase, and Nitric Oxide Inhibition Activities of Three Malaysian Macaranga Species

Table 1

Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH and lipid peroxidation) of extracts and different polarity fractions of Macaranga species.

Macaranga species	Plant part	Extract/fraction	Total phenolics content; (mg GAE/100 mg)^a,b	DPPH; IC50 value (mg/mL)^a	Inhibition of lipid peroxidation (%)^a
M. denticulata	Bark	Methanol extract	2682±84.0	0.063±0.008	91.03±0.25
		Hexane		0.824±0.016	86.01±0.22
		Dichloromethane		0.316±0.008	91.01±1.19
		Ethylacetate		0.122±0.009	91.65±1.07
		Butanol		0.178±0.008	91.41±0.06
		Aqueous		0.285±0.011	28.70±0.32
	Leaves	Methanol extract	1309±87.0	0.162±0.011	87.94±0.17
		Hexane		0.210±0.007	84.87±0.03
		Dichloromethane		0.246±0.008	85.23±2.03
		Ethylacetate		0.397±0.010	90.34±1.01
		Butanol		0.389±0.010	91.86±0.66
		Aqueous		0.378±0.007	89.29±0.19
M. pruinosa	Bark	Methanol extract	482±80.0	0.203±0.011	90.50±0.74
		Hexane		0.510±0.009	87.80±1.24
		Dichloromethane		0.468±0.010	88.60±0.63
		Ethylacetate		0.260±0.010	89.03±1.07
		Butanol		0.231±0.008	89.98±1.04
		Aqueous		0.306±0.010	22.83±0.82
	Leaves	Methanol extract	2217±68.0	0.152±0.008	91.51±0.13
		Hexane		0.163±0.006	93.18±0.34
		Dichloromethane		0.205±0.008	91.51±0.62
		Ethylacetate		0.252±0.008	91.46±0.71
		Butanol		0.298±0.007	91.86±0.42
		Aqueous		0.276±0.010	92.09±0.56
M. gigantea	Bark	Methanol extract	1220±76.0	0.145±0.009	91.03±0.13
		Hexane		0.157±0.009	86.43±0.99
		Dichloromethane		0.188±0.006	88.24±1.12
		Ethylacetate		0.217±0.009	89.16±0.05
		Butanol		0.302±0.010	56.01±0.66
		Aqueous		0.285±0.010	64.47±0.57
	Leaves	Methanol extract	2380±65.0	0.166±0.008	92.21±0.45
		Hexane		0.179±0.007	90.20±1.30
		Dichloromethane		0.196±0.006	89.87±1.01
		Ethylacetate		0.199±0.008	88.50±1.09
		Butanol		0.257±0.011	90.12±1.09
		Aqueous		0.244±0.009	90.19±1.08
BHT^c			n/a	0.052±0.012	91.56±0.56
Quercetin^c			n/a	0.019±0.008	90.21±0.37
𝛼-Tocopherol^c			n/a	0.401±0.026	85.11±0.57

aData expressed as mean ± standard error mean (SEM) of three or more samples extracted separately.
bTotal phenolics value was only done on crude methanol extract.
cStandards as positive controls.