Research Article

Emergent Biomarkers of Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Low HDL-c and/or High Triglycerides and Average LDL-c Concentrations: Focus on HDL Subpopulations, Oxidized LDL, Adiponectin, and Uric Acid

Table 2

Markers of lipid profile of the populations under study.

Parameters(1) Effects of TGs levels (normal versus high) on normal and low HDL-c conditions/populations  (2) Effects of HDL-c levels (normal versus high) on normal and high TGs conditions (3) Effects of variations of both HDL-c and TGs levels
Normal HDL-c ( )Low HDL-c ( )
Normal TGs ( ) Population AHigh TGs ( ) Population B
A versus B
Normal TGs ( ) Population CHigh TGs ( ) Population D
C versus D
(Normal TGs) (A versus C)(High TGs)   
(B versus D)

A versus D

B versus C

Total-c (mmol/L) 0.000 0.0040.5990.7680.0000.002
TGs (mmol/L) 0.000 0.0000.0490.0060.0000.000
HDL-c (mmol/L) 0.229 0.3850.0000.0000.0000.000
 Large HDL (%) 0.000 0.5410.0000.6460.0000.295
 Interm HDL (%) 0.474 0.6670.0170.3110.0710.064
 Small HDL (%) 0.000 0.9370.0050.9910.0000.927
LDL-c (mmol/L) 0.049 0.5170.1760.8310.0290.937
Ox-LDL (U/L) 0.018 0.8250.1480.8300.0160.728
Ox-LDL/LDL-c 0.229 0.4760.6160.5720.1530.655
Non-HDL-c (mmol/L) 0.000 0.0020.1110.2420.0000.047
Total-c/HDL-c 0.000 0.0020.0000.0000.0000.194
LDL-c/HDL-c 0.037 0.5390.0000.0010.0000.032
TGs/HDL-c (mmol/L) 0.000 0.0000.0000.0000.0000.000
PON1 activity 0.593 0.7780.7760.9180.9020.810

Results are presented as media ± SEM. Independent samples -test and Mann-Whitney test for normalized and nonnormalized samples, respectively. HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; TGs: triglycerides; Total-c: total cholesterol.