Evaluation of the Sustaining Effects of Tai Chi Qigong in the Sixth Month in Promoting Psychosocial Health in COPD Patients: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Demographic and baseline data of subjects by group allocation [11]*.
TCQ ()
Exercise ()
Control ()
P value
Age (Year), mean (SD)
71.7 (8.2)
73.6 (7.5)
73.6 (7.4)
0.24
Gender
Male (%)
69 (99)
61 (88)
58 (87)
Female (%)
1 (1)
8 (12)
9 (13)
Years of COPD, mean (SD)
10.3 (9.3)
10.6 (8.8)
12.4 (10.6)
0.32
Marital status
0.51
Married (%)
64 (91.4)
60 (87.0)
54 (80.6)
Single (%)
1 (1.4)
0 (0.0)
2 (3.0)
Separated (%)
1 (1.4)
1 (1.4)
2 (3.0)
Widowed (%)
4 (5.7)
8 (11.6)
9 (13.4)
Live with
0.30
Alone (%)
4 (5.7)
4 (5.8)
8 (11.9)
Family (%)
66 (94.3)
65 (94.2)
59 (88.1)
Education level
0.38
Illiteracy (%)
9 (12.9)
10 (14.5)
14 (20.9)
Primary (%)
41 (58.6)
47 (68.1)
37 (55.2)
Secondary (%)
18 (25.7)
9 (13.0)
15 (22.4)
Tertiary or above (%)
2 (2.9)
3 (4.3)
1 (1.5)
Religious beliefs
0.33
Yes (%)
28 (40.0)
30 (43.5)
26 (38.8)
No (%)
42 (60.0)
39 (56.5)
41 (61.2)
Smoking status
0.81
Second hand smoker (%)
1 (1.4)
2 (2.9)
3 (4.5)
Never smoke (%)
2 (2.9)
4 (5.8)
3 (4.5)
Ex-smoker (%)
55 (78.6)
47 (68.1)
46 (68.7)
Current smoker (%)
12 (17.1)
16 (23.2)
15 (22.4)
Stage of COPD
0.50
Mild (%)
7 (10)
13 (19)
12 (18)
Moderate (%)
31 (44)
26 (38)
29 (43)
Severe (%)
32 (46)
30 (43)
26 (39)
Coexisting diseases
Heart disease (%)
9 (13)
10 (15)
6 (9)
0.58
HT (%)
28 (40)
36 (52)
28 (42)
0.21
DM (%)
7 (10)
6 (9)
7 (10)
0.95
No co-existing disease (%)
16 (23)
16 (23)
20 (30)
0.13
SGRQ-HKC, mean (SD)
42.7 (15.1)
37.0 (16.6)
39.4 (16.2)
0.11
Total MSPSS-C, mean (SD)
50.3 (18.1)
50.2 (17.1)
46.6 (16.4)
0.38
Refer to reference [11]. HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; SGRQ: St George’s respiratory questionnaire; MSPSS: multidimensional scale of perceived social support; .
