Cooccurrence of Mycotoxins in Maize and Poultry Feeds from Brazil by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Table 2

Mycotoxins and metabolites detected in maize, poultry feed, and factory residue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). It shows the contamination range, median, and percentage of contaminated samples.

Toxin	Maize				Poultry feed				Factory residue
	Min. (𝜇g/kg)	Median (𝜇g/kg)	Max. (𝜇g/kg)	%	Min. (𝜇g/kg)	Median (𝜇g/kg)	Max. (𝜇g/kg)	%	Min. (𝜇g/kg)	Median (𝜇g/kg)	Max. (𝜇g/kg)	%
Fumonisins
Fumonisin B1 (FB1)	32	1,300	6,000	100	50	185	1,118	100	14,085	17,153	27,145	100
Fumonisin B2 (FB2)	9	540	2,760	99	8	54	474	100	5,927	7,412	10,867	100
Fumonisin B3 (FB3)	7	190	820	99	nd	27	142	92	1,422	1,853	3,090	100
Fumonisin total (FB1 + FB2)	41	1,840	8,760	100	58	239	1,592	100	20,012	23,676	36,040	100
Hydrolysed fumonisin B1 (HFB1)	nd*	6.0	170	9	nd	nd	nd	0	168	366	909	100
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxin B1 (AFL B1)	nd	nd	3.0	16	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	5.96	44
Aflatoxin B2 (AFL B2)	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	1.10	22
Aflatoxin G1 (AFL G1)	nd	nd	0.6	1	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	0.52	11
Aflatoxin G2 (AFL G2)	nd	nd	1.8	4	nd	nd	1,43	14	1.0	1.73	2.51	100
Trichothecenes
Deoxynivalenol (DON)	nd	nd	30.0	4	nd	nd	20	3	nd	nd	nd	0
Nivalenol (NIV)	nd	nd	120.0	5	nd	nd	67	17	nd	nd	nd	0
Zearalenone (ZON)	nd	nd	9.8	12	nd	nd	6.5	39	nd	nd	nd	0
Hexadepsipeptides
Beauvericin (BEA)	nd	12	160	96	nd	3.6	16.7	92	59	116	211	100
Enniatin A (EA)	nd	nd	0.1	1	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	nd	0
Enniatin A1 (EA1)	nd	nd	0.3	12	nd	nd	0.72	17	nd	nd	0.27	22
Enniatin B (EB)	nd	nd	5.0	34	nd	nd	4.6	78	nd	nd	3.21	44
Enniatin B1 (EB1)	nd	0.1	1.3	12	nd	nd	12	67	nd	nd	1.12	33
Others
Kojic acid	nd	12	230	65	nd	12	84	67	2.9	28	344	100
Agroclavine	nd	nd	7.2	1	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	nd	0
Chanoclavine	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	nd	0	nd	nd	3.95	33
Moniliformin (MON)	nd	nd	170	8	nd	nd	120	3	nd	220	336	89

∗nd (not detected), nd < LOD.