|
Reference number of the study/studies | Type of TC | Comparison condition | Followup length | Outcome measures
|
Retention | Substance use | Criminal activity | Employment | Health | Family and social relations |
|
(1) Sacks et al., 2012 [19] | Prison | TAU | 1 year | | | + | | | |
|
(2) Zhang et al., 2011 [44] | Prison | TAU | 1 year | | | = | | | |
5 years | | | = | | | |
|
(3) Messina et al., 2010 [45] | Prison | Other TC | 1 year | + | = | = | | = | = |
|
(4) Welsh, 2007 [37] | Prison | TAU | 2 years | | = | + | + | | |
|
(5) Sullivan et al., 2007 [46] | Prison | TAU | 1 year | | + | + | | | |
|
(6) Morral et al., 2004 [47] | Prison | TAU | 1 year | = | + | = | | + | |
|
(7) Inciardi et al., 2004 [28] | Prison | TAU | 6 months | | + | + | | + | |
1 year | | + | + | | | |
3 years | | + | = | | | |
3 years 6 months | | + | + | | | |
5 years | | + | + | | | |
|
(8) Prendergast et al., 2004 [33] | Prison | TAU | 1 year | | + | + | | | |
2 years | | | + | | | |
5 years | = | = | + | = | = | |
|
(9) Greenwood et al., 2001 [25] | Community-based | Other TC | 6 months | = | + | | | + | + |
1 year | = | = | | | + | |
1 year 6 months | | = | | | + | + |
|
(10) Nemes et al., 1999 [42] | Community-based | Other TC | 1 year 6 months | = | + | + | + | | |
|
(11) De Leon et al., 2000 [24] | Community-based | TAU | 1 year | | + | = | + | = | |
2 years | | + = | + | + = | + | |
|
(12) Nuttbrock et al., 1998 [38] | Community-based | TAU | 1 year | − | + | | | + | |
|
(13) McCusker et al., 1997 [51] | Community-based | Other TC | 6 months | = | = | | | | |
1 year | − | = | = | + | | |
|
(14) Hartmann et al., 1997 [43] | Prison | TAU | 6 months | | = | + | | | |
|
(15) Bale et al., 1984 [39] |
Community-based |
TAU | 1 year | − | + | + | + | + | |
2 years | + | + (illicit) − (alcohol) | + | + | | |
|
(16) Coombs et al., 1981 [41] | Community-based | Other TC | 1 year | = | + | | | | |
|