Determination of Interesting Toxicological Elements in PM_2.5 by Neutron and Photon Activation Analysis

Table 5

Synoptic table (mean value, min–max values, and standard deviation) of elements concentration (ng m⁻³) determined in PM_2.5 in downtown Rome (LOD: limit of detection; *expressed as pg m⁻³; **expressed as µg m⁻³).

Element	PM2.5
	Mean	Min–Max	St. Dev.
As	1.06	0.121–2.76	0.044
Au	0.009	0.000–0.050	0.012
Ba	3.76	1.91–6.45	2.38
Br	17.1	3.20–50.4	13.9
Ce	0.130	0.033–0.335	0.089
Co	0.167	0.077–0.331	0.065
Cr	3.03	1.29–6.40	1.30
Cs	0.047	0.004–0.124	0.037
Eu*	1.14	1.12–1.16	0.029
Fe**	0.074	0.005–0.212	0.059
Hf	0.018	0.006–0.032	0.010
Hg	0.818	0.195–2.12	0.655
La*	22.6	8.73–53.3	10.5
Mo	0.748	0.017–3.04	0.699
Nd	<LOD
Ni	3.54	1.91–5.82	1.45
Rb	1.82	0.416–3.74	1.07
Sb	3.60	0.690–12.6	3.24
Sc*	3.14	0.208–7.49	2.41
Se	0.567	0.116–1.55	0.415
Sm*	3.88	0.208–7.78	2.13
Th	0.027	0.007–0.041	0.010
W	0.636	0.062–2.86	0.682
Yb	0.011	0.003–0.027	0.007
Zn	58.0	4.78–252	61.3