Applying an ESSENCE Framework to Understanding Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD: Retrospective Parent Reports of Childhood Problems

Table 2

Five to fifteen subdomain median scores.

ESSENCE domain	FTF subdomain	ADHD	ASD	ADHD+ASD	Other psychiatric disorders	FTF norms
Motor coordination	Gross motor skills	0.29	0.43	0.50	0.07	.14
Motor coordination	Fine motor skills	0.20	0.10	0.35	0.00	.10
Attention	Attention	1.2	0.60	1.22	0.22	.25
Activity	Hypoactive and hyperactive/impulsive	0.69	0.46	0.50	0.15	.00 and .22*
General development	Planning and organizing	1.17	0.67	1.00	0.00	.33
Motor coordination	Relation in space	0.20	0.20	0.60	0.00	.00
General development	Time concepts	0.50	0.00	0.50	0.00	.05
Motor coordination	Body perception	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.00	.00
General development	Visual perception	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	.00
General development	Memory	0.55	0.27	0.45	0.09	.18
Communication and language	Comprehension	0.20	0.20	0.40	0.00	.00
Communication and language	Expressive language skills	0.08	0.08	0.15	0.00	.00
Social interaction	Communication	0.33	0.33	0.83	0.00	.00
General development	Reading/writing and math	0.62	0.23	0.69	0.00	−.12 and −.00*
General development	General learning	0.50	0.50	0.75	0.00	−.00
General development	Coping in learning	1.00	0.70	1.00	0.20	−.20
Social interaction	Social skills	0.44	0.74	0.70	0.15	.04
Behavior/sleep/mood-mood	Internalising and externalising	0.58	0.48	0.44	0.20	.00 and .08*
Behavior/sleep/mood	Obsessive-compulsive	0.13	0.25	0.13	0.00	.00

*FTF norms for 9–12 years old because 6–8 years old norms are not available for these subdomains.