Thermal Stability Analysis under Embankment with Asphalt Pavement and Cement Pavement in Permafrost Regions

Table 5

Soil parameters used in finite element analysis.

The thermal parameters	𝜆𝑓/(kJ/(m  ·  °C  ·  d))	𝜆𝑢/(kJ/(m  ·  °C  ·  d))	𝐶𝑓/(kJ/(m^3  ·  °C))	𝐶𝑢/(kJ/(m^3  ·  °C))	Volumetric water content
Gravel backfill	129.60	120.96	1 827	2 226	0.08
Subclay	155.52	129.60	2 066	2 718	0.30
Rock and subclay	190.00	86.40	2 468	3 806	0.50
Argillaceous rocks	228.40	160.10	2 594	3 892	0.15

𝜆_𝑓 and 𝜆_𝑢 are the thermal conductivity coefficients of frozen soil and unfrozen soil, respectively. 𝐶_𝑓 and 𝐶_𝑢 are the volumetric heat capacity coefficients of frozen soil and unfrozen soil, respectively.