Study
= Sn/HcLesioned hemisphere L/R Baseline assessment Mean age* Sn/Hc Hand dominance Sn/Hc Standardised outcome measure Result Studies that used standardised assessments (
) Jung et al. [2 ] 72/20 38/34 Acute 55.5/not reported Right/not reported Manual Function Test Improvement of the iUL plateaued at 1 month with recovery incomplete (
). Shoulder function less affected and recovered faster when compared to hand function. Noskin et al. [1 ] 30 12/18 Acute 61.5 Left
, right
/normative data Dynamometer, 9HPT 9HPT performance below normative data at each time point (
, and ā2.3). Grip strength unaffected. Initial impairment of the iUL correlated to contralateral deficit (
). De Groot-Driessen et al. [11 ] 57/42 24/33 Sub-acute 52.3/52.1 Left
, right
/left
, right
Finger tapping speed from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Test Battery, the Barthel Index, Frenchay Activities Index, Sickness Impact Profile Speed of finger tapping was impaired up to 8 weeks after stroke when normative speeds were reached (
). Laufer et al. [4 ] 9/10 5/4 Sub-acute 63.3/62.6 Right/right JHFT, 9HPT Reduced speed (
).
Morris and Van Wijck [12 ] 56/50 52/54 Sub-acute 67.9/67.8 Left
, right
/left
, right
Action Research Arm Test, 9HPT, Modified Barthel Index Baseline assessment of iUL was below normative data (no
value). Improvement in timed dexterity following bilateral intervention up to 6 weeks. Sunderland et al. [7 ] (Sunderland [19 ]) 30/34 15/15 Sub-acute 62.5/65 Left
, right
/right JHFT, Williams Doors Test, Apraxia Assessment, Line Cancellation, Judgement of Line Orientation, Token Test Parts I and V, Dynamometer Reduced speed on dexterity assessment (
) and impaired grip strength (
).
Brasil-Neto and De Lima [13 ] 25/25 11/14 Chronic 58.24/58.6 Right/right Moving Touch Pressure Test, Box and Block Test, Dynamometer Motor impairment (
), decreased sensory discrimination (
), and impaired grip strength (
).
Chestnut and Haaland [5 ] 52/62 31/21 Chronic 63.6/64.6 Right/right Williams Doors Test, Timed Manual Performance Test Motor deficits resulting in functional impairment (
to
). Desrosiers et al. [6 ] 43/43 14/29 Chronic 71.8/71.8 Right/right Box and Block Test, Purdue Pegboard, Upper Extremity Performance Evaluation Test for the Elderly Fine and gross manual dexterity, motor coordination, global performance, and kinaesthesia impaired (
to
). Jebsen et al. [9 ] 27/300 14/13 Chronic 53.65/not reported Right/not reported JHFT Performance below normative data (
,
to
). Spaulding et al. [8 ] 49 22/27 Not reported 66 left
, right
/normative data JHFT Performance below normative data (
). Wetter et al. [3 ] 58/66 34/24 Chronic 64/64.5 Right/right JHFT Impaired motor performance (
). Studies that used standardised and nonstandardised assessments (
) Jones et al. [18 ] 8/20 3/5 Acute 50.1/54.1 Right/right Snellen Eye Chart, Dynamometer Impaired movement, speed, and strength (no
value).
Mori and Yamadori [20 ] 100 55/45 Acute 65.8 Right/normative data Mini-Mental State Exam, Line Cancellation Test, Line Bisection Test Right hemisphere stroke only demonstrated an instinctive grasp reaction (
). Baskett et al. [21 ] 41/40 20/20 Sub-acute 68.6/71.6 Right/right Motor Assessment Scale Right hemisphere stroke only demonstrated sensory-motor deficit (
). Yelnik et al. [15 ] 36/86 18/18 Sub-acute 54/48 Right/right 9HPT Stroke group performed below control group for all tasks (
). McCrea et al. [10 ] 20/10 13/7 Chronic 60.9/61.0 Left
, right
/not reported Dynamometer Strength and speed of muscle contraction affected (
). Nowak et al. [17 ] 16/8 8/8 Sub-acute 54.5/56 Right/right Medical Research Council Motor Strength Scale, Modified Rankin Score, Action Research Arm Test, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Movement timing, accuracy, and efficiency affected (
to
). Quaney et al. [22 ] 10/14 6/4 Chronic 55.5/53.1 Right/right Pinch Gauge, Box to Block Test Impaired grip force (
). Studies that only used nonstandardised assessments (
) Lin et al. [23 ] 26/24 15/11 Sub-acute 63.4/62.3 Right/right Nonstandardised Task constraints showed a significant effect on movement variables (
). Swinnen et al. [24 ] 16/16 7/9 Sub-acute 56.3/56.6 Right/right Nonstandardised Deficits in coordination (
to
).
Haaland and Harrington [25 ] 43/32 25/18 Chronic 63/66 Right/right Nonstandardised Speed of the left hemisphere group was slower when target size increased (
). Kim et al. [26 ] 10/20 5/5 Chronic 72.4/72.4 Right/right Nonstandardised Prolonged movement and dwell time (
to
). Kwon et al. [27 ] 34/38 17/19 Not reported 55.3/55.3 Right/right Nonstandardised Accuracy (
to
) and timing deficits after left hemisphere stroke (
).
Pohl and Winstein [28 ], (Pohl et al. [38 ]) 10/10 5/5, 10/10 Chronic 57.1/57.4 Right/right Nonstandardised Increased movement time (
). Sugarman et al. [29 ] 11/5 6/5 Chronic 66.05/67.4 Right/right Nonstandardised Abnormal pattern of movement, increased movement time, and segmented movement (no
value reported). Yarosh et al. [30 ] 7/7 4/3 Chronic 56.7/56.6 Left
, right
/left
, right
Nonstandardised Impaired speed, trajectory, and sequence of muscle activity (
).
