Research Article

Evolving MCDM Applications Using Hybrid Expert-Based ISM and DEMATEL Models: An Example of Sustainable Ecotourism

Table 12

Cause and effect factors identified by ISM model.

ModelDependent Independent

1A7 (attitude toward website)A1 (information quality)
A8 (Attitude toward website usage)A2 (system quality)

2B4 (subjective norm)B1 (attitude toward website)
B7 (engagement behavior)B2 (attitude toward website usage)
B8 (engagement consequences)B5 (environmental concerns)
ā€‰B6 (perceived personal effectiveness)

3C6 (satisfaction and loyalty)C1 (sharing)
C7 (empowerment)C2 (learning)
C8 (connection and emotional bond)C3 (co-development)
C9 (trust and commitment)C4 (advocating)
ā€‰C5 (socializing)