The Scientific World Journal

Research Article

Evaluation of Combination Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. subsp. mucronata Willd. and Antibiotics against Clinically Important Bacteria

Table 1

Antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of Z. mucronata alone, antibiotics alone, and their combinations.

(a)


				Zones of inhibition (±1.0 mm) produced by the extract, antibiotics, and their combinations in vitro
	ZME			Chl			ZME + Chl			Amx			ZME + Amx
	5	10	20	62.5	125	250	5 + 62.6	10 + 125	20 + 250	62.5	125	250	5 + 62.5	10 + 125	20 + 250
	(mg/mL)			(µg/mL)			(mg/mL + µg/mL)			(µg/mL)			(mg/mL + µg/mL)

A	17	18	20	23	27	30	20	25	28	20	23	26	0	14	17
B	17	18	20	20	25	30	22	26	29	14	16	21	0	13	16
C	17	18	20	23	27	30	23	25	27	16	19	21	0	13	16
D	15	16	18	21	27	30	23	25	29	15	18	20	13	15	18
E	14	15	17	22	25	29	22	26	28	30	32	34	28	31	34
F	16	17	19	22	26	30	20	26	29	0	15	18	13	16	18
G	16	17	18	22	27	31	19	22	25	13	16	18	0	12	16
H	15	17	19	23	25	27	20	23	26	28	30	32	28	30	33
I	14	15	18	0	0	15	13	15	17	30	34	37	28	31	34
J	15	17	18	23	25	27	0	15	17	30	33	35	27	31	33
K	15	16	18	20	24	27	23	25	28	27	31	35	25	28	30
L	23	25	27	33	37	40	38	40	42	31	36	42	29	33	35

(b)


				Zones of inhibition (±1.0 mm) produced by the extract, antibiotics, and their combinations in vitro
		ZME		Tet			ZME + Tet			Cip			ZME + Cip
	5	10	20	62.5	125	250	5 + 62.6	10 + 125	20 + 250	1.25	2.5	5	5 + 1.25	10 + 2.5	20 + 5
	(mg/mL)			(µg/mL)			(mg/mL + µg/mL)			(µg/mL)			(mg/mL + µg/mL)

A	17	18	20	0	15	18	0	15	17	27	30	35	20	22	25
B	17	18	20	0	0	14	0	15	16	18	21	24	18	20	22
C	17	18	20	0	0	15	13	15	17	13	15	19	21	24	26
D	15	16	18	0	13	16	0	14	16	19	20	22	18	22	25
E	14	15	17	25	28	32	20	22	25	23	26	32	15	17	20
F	16	17	19	0	0	15	13	15	17	13	15	17	20	23	27
G	16	17	18	0	15	17	13	15	19	18	21	24	20	23	25
H	15	17	19	25	27	30	22	25	27	17	20	23	26	29	31
I	14	15	18	0	13	16	0	15	17	17	21	24	15	18	22
J	15	17	18	25	27	30	15	18	20	13	15	17	16	19	23
K	15	16	18	25	28	31	20	23	25	25	27	30	15	16	20
L	23	25	27	29	32	36	30	33	36	30	35	39	33	37	41

(c)


				Zones of inhibition produced by the extract, antibiotics, and their combinations in vitro
	ZME			Nal			ZME + Nal			Kan			ZME + Kan
	5	10	20	62.5	125	250	5 + 62.6	10 + 125	20 + 250	62.5	125	250	5 + 62.5	10 + 125	20 + 250
	(mg/mL)			(µg/mL)			(mg/mL + µg/mL)			(µg/mL)			(mg/mL + µg/mL)

A	17	18	20	21	26	29	15	16	18	26	29	32	24	26	29
B	17	18	20	21	25	29	13	15	17	24	25	28	23	24	28
C	17	18	20	19	22	26	15	17	20	25	27	29	23	25	28
D	15	16	18	20	23	25	13	15	17	24	27	30	24	26	28
E	14	15	17	16	20	25	23	24	26	19	21	23	17	19	22
F	16	17	19	18	21	25	14	16	17	25	26	28	22	24	27
G	16	17	18	20	22	26	14	16	18	25	26	30	23	25	28
H	15	17	19	17	20	23	20	21	25	20	23	25	18	20	23
I	14	15	18	17	21	25	13	16	18	21	24	27	21	23	25
J	15	17	18	15	17	20	25	28	30	19	20	23	13	15	19
K	15	16	18	23	26	27	21	24	26	22	24	25	0	14	17
L	23	25	27	22	24	28	25	28	34	30	32	36	32	25	38

Key: A: E. coli ATCC 8739; B: B. cereus ATCC 10702; C: B. subtilis KZN; D: P. aeruginosa ATCC 19582; E: S. marcescens ATCC 9986; F: A. calcoaceticus anitratus UP; G: K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031; H: P. vulgaris ATCC 6830; I: E. faecalis ATCC 29212; J: S. aureus OK_2a; K: S. aureus OK_2b; L: S. flexneri KZN.