A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

Algorithm 1

Watermark generation.

(1)  𝜔_𝑑 = digit sub-watermark generation()

           //See Algorithm 2

(2)  𝜔_𝑙 = length sub-watermark generation()

           //See Algorithm 3

(3)  𝜔_𝑟 = range sub-watermark generation()

           //See Algorithm 4

(4)  𝜔_𝑅=𝜔_𝑑‖𝜔_𝑙‖𝜔_𝑟

(5)  𝐸𝜔_𝑅=𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡(𝜔_𝑅, 𝑆𝐾)

(6)  𝜔_𝐶=𝐸𝜔_𝑅‖𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑟_𝑖𝑑‖𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒‖𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

(7)  Register 𝜔_𝐶  to 𝐶𝐴