A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

Table 11

Characterization of malicious deletion attacks on length of data values.

𝑙𝑗	𝑟𝑓𝑙𝑗	𝑓𝑙𝑗	𝑟𝑓𝑙𝑗^′	𝑓𝑙𝑗^′	Δ𝑓𝑙𝑗	Δℱ𝑙𝑗	Characteristic
1	5.74	325894	6.52	325894	0	0.00	No change
2	20.19	1146469	22.92	1146469	0	0.00	No change
3	48.66	2762791	41.71	2085761	−677030	−24.51%	↓High to Low
4	25.41	1442906	28.85	1442906	0	0.00	No change