The Scientific World Journal

Research Article

A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

Table 18

Characterization of malicious attacks on digit frequency (deterministic).

(a) Characterization of malicious insertion attacks on digit frequency (, attack rate = 10%)


					Δ	Δ	Characteristic

0	8.44	247345	8.40	270858	23513	+9.51%	↑Low to High
1	16.28	477362	16.37	527535	50173	+10.51%	↑Low to High
2	19.88	582616	19.97	643745	61129	+10.49%	↑Low to High
3	11.37	333378	11.34	365471	32093	+9.63%	↑Low to High
4	8.83	258748	8.79	283251	24503	+9.47%	↑Low to High
5	8.31	243554	8.24	265510	21956	+9.01%	↑Low to High
6	7.14	209399	7.09	228418	19019	+9.08%	↑Low to High
7	6.40	187586	6.41	206659	19073	+10.17%	↑Low to High
8	6.49	190268	6.51	209737	19469	+10.23%	↑Low to High
9	6.86	201050	6.88	221653	20603	+10.25%	↑Low to High

(b) Characterization of malicious insertion attacks on digit frequency (, attack rate = 90%)


					Δ	Δ	Characteristic

0	8.44	247345	8.51	471852	224507	+90.77%	↑Low to High
1	16.28	477362	16.73	928331	450969	+94.47%	↑Low to High
2	19.88	582616	19.97	1107797	525181	+90.14%	↑Low to High
3	11.37	333378	11.70	649150	315772	+94.72%	↑Low to High
4	8.83	258748	8.57	475532	216784	+83.78%	↑Low to High
5	8.31	243554	7.99	443279	199725	+82.00%	↑Low to High
6	7.14	209399	6.86	380768	171369	+81.84%	↑Low to High
7	6.40	187586	6.36	353031	165445	+88.20%	↑Low to High
8	6.49	190268	6.48	359339	169071	+88.86%	↑Low to High
9	6.86	201050	6.83	378696	177646	+88.36%	↑Low to High

(c) Characterization of malicious deletion attacks on digit frequency (, attack rate = 10%)


					Δ	Δ	Characteristic

0	8.44	247345	8.48	223528	−23817	−9.63%	↓High to Low
1	16.28	477362	16.27	429114	−48248	−10.11%	↓High to Low
2	19.88	582616	19.74	520475	−62141	−10.67%	↓High to Low
3	11.37	333378	11.40	300483	−32895	−9.87%	↓High to Low
4	8.83	258748	8.83	232703	−26045	−10.07%	↓High to Low
5	8.31	243554	8.37	220577	−22977	−9.43%	↓High to Low
6	7.14	209399	7.19	189555	−19844	−9.48%	↓High to Low
7	6.40	187586	6.41	168921	−18665	−9.95%	↓High to Low
8	6.49	190268	6.49	171131	−19137	−10.06%	↓High to Low
9	6.86	201050	6.83	180196	−20854	−10.37%	↓High to Low

(d) Characterization of malicious deletion attacks on digit frequency (, attack rate = 90%)


					Δ	Δ	Characteristic

0	8.44	247345	8.89	25612	−221733	−89.65%	↓High to Low
1	16.28	477362	18.14	52276	−425086	−89.05%	↓High to Low
2	19.88	582616	19.80	57072	−525544	−90.20%	↓High to Low
3	11.37	333378	11.22	32342	−301036	−90.30%	↓High to Low
4	8.83	258748	8.24	23758	−234990	−90.82%	↓High to Low
5	8.31	243554	7.38	21281	−222273	−91.26%	↓High to Low
6	7.14	209399	6.53	18815	−190584	−91.01%	↓High to Low
7	6.40	187586	6.62	19071	−168515	−89.83%	↓High to Low
8	6.49	190268	6.67	19239	−171029	−89.89%	↓High to Low
9	6.86	201050	6.52	18780	−182270	−90.66%	↓High to Low

(e) Characterization of malicious update attacks on digit frequency (, attack rate = 10%)


					Δ	Δ	Characteristic

0	8.438048	247345	8.49	248357	1012	+0.41%	↑Low to High
1	16.28496	477362	16.46	481186	3824	+0.80%	↑Low to High
2	19.87565	582616	19.81	579315	−3301	−0.57%	↓High to Low
3	11.37302	333378	11.16	326311	−7067	−2.12%	↓High to Low
4	8.827055	258748	8.82	258020	−728	−0.28%	↓High to Low
5	8.30872	243554	8.36	244519	965	+0.40%	↑Low to High
6	7.143539	209399	7.17	209680	281	+0.13%	↑Low to High
7	6.3994	187586	6.42	187678	92	+0.05%	↑Low to High
8	6.490895	190268	6.49	189845	−423	−0.22%	↓High to Low
9	6.858718	201050	6.81	199111	−1939	−0.96%	↓High to Low

(f) Characterization of malicious update attacks on digit frequency (, attack rate = 90%)


					Δ	Δ	Characteristic

0	8.438048	247345	8.46	248462	1117	+0.45%	↑Low to High
1	16.28496	477362	18.84	553334	75972	+15.91%	↑Low to High
2	19.87565	582616	19.10	560965	−21651	−3.72%	↓High to Low
3	11.37302	333378	11.74	344665	11287	+3.39%	↑Low to High
4	8.827055	258748	8.16	239767	−18981	−7.34%	↓High to Low
5	8.30872	243554	7.35	215727	−27827	−11.43%	↓High to Low
6	7.143539	209399	6.58	193116	−16283	−7.78%	↓High to Low
7	6.3994	187586	6.48	190330	2744	+1.46%	↑Low to High
8	6.490895	190268	6.62	194384	4116	+2.16%	↑Low to High
9	6.858718	201050	6.67	195785	−5265	−2.62%	↓High to Low