Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults

Table 3

Soft tissue cephalometric values of different ethnic groups using Legan and Burstone analysis.

Variable	Chinese	Japanese	North Indians	Saudis	Yemeni	Caucasians
Facial convexity angle (°)	10.5 ± 3.5	10.1 ± 5.7	13.34 ± 4.8	15.16 ± 4.64	16.9 ± 5.2	12 ± 4
Maxillary prognathism (mm)	2.5 ± 3	2.3 ± 4.6	5.83 ± 4.3	6.47 ± 4.27	6.9 ± 4.1	6 ± 3
Mandibular prognathism (mm)	N.A.	−5.7 ± 8.3	−1.31 ± 6.4	−1.37 ± 7.19	−4.9 ± 6.7	0 ± 4
Vertical height ratio	1.0 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.03 ± 0.1	1.00 ± 0.09	1.0 ± 0.1	1
Lower face-throat angle (°)	96 ± 4	98.1 ± 9.5	111.57 ± 8.1	102.60 ± 8.24	107.6 ± 7.9	100 ± 7
Lower vertical height-depth ratio	1.1 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.2	1.22 ± 0.2	1.14 ± 0.20	1.4 ± 0.2	1,2
Nasolabialangle (°)	95 ± 3	102.3 ± 11.6	95.79 ± 11.4	106.02 ± 11.01	106.4 ± 9.7	102 ± 8
Upper lip protrusion (mm)	7.0 ± 1.5	5.8 ± 2.1	4.72 ± 1.7	3.84 ± 1.56	2.6 ± 1.2	3 ± 1
Lower lip protrusion (mm)	N.A.	5.0 ± 2.5	2.83 ± 1.6	3.26 ± 2.07	2.2 ± 2.2	2 ± 1
Mentolabial sulcus (mm)	3.5 ± 2	4.3 ± 1.4	5.82 ± 1.2	4.60 ± 1.23	5.0 ± 1.1	4 ± 2
Vertical lip-chin ratio	0.5	0.4 ± 0.1	0.44	0.44 ± 0.05	0.4 ± 0.1	0,5
Maxillary incisor exposure (mm)	1.5 ± 1.5	1.8 ± 1.7	2.35 ± 1.5	3.26 ± 1.96	2.9 ± 1.5	2 ± 2
Interlabial gap (mm)	1.0 ± 1.0	1.9 ± 0.9	0.24 ± 0.7	2.24 ± 0.93	0.6 ± 0.4	2 ± 2

N.A.: not available.