Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Structural and Functional Indices in Broiler Chickens Treated with Silver Nanoparticles

Table 1

Comparison of echocardiographic indices (Means ± Standard deviation) among different chicken groups treated with nanoparticles.

Treatment groups	Cardiac parameters^1
	LVIDd	LVIDs	LVFS	EF	IVSTd	IVSTs	SV
1 (0 ppm)	1.08 ± 0.03^ab	0.56 ± 0.02^ab	47.82 ± 0.92^a	83.77 ± 0.98^ab	0.34 ± 0.02^a	0.42 ± 0.02	2.19 ± 0.11
2 (10 ppm)	1.04 ± 0.02^b	0.51 ± 0.02^b	51.29 ± 1.30^a	85.36 ± 1.62^a	0.32 ± 0.01^ab	0.43 ± 0.03	2.02 ± 0.15
3 (20 ppm)	1.02 ± 0.01^b	0.50 ± 0.03^b	50.77 ± 3.57^a	85.48 ± 2.41^a	0.32 ± 0.01^ab	0.43 ± 0.01	2.09 ± 0.30
4 (30 ppm)	1.01 ± 0.02^b	0.53 ± 0.01^b	47.70 ± 0.52^ab	83.05 ± 0.54^ab	0.36 ± 0.01^a	0.40 ± 0.03	1.88 ± 0.09
5 (50 ppm)	1.03 ± 0.02^ab	0.55 ± 0.06^ab	46.42 ± 5.75^ab	81.61 ± 5.15^ab	0.33 ± 0.03^a	0.36 ± 0.04	1.80 ± 0.16
6 (70 ppm)	1.09 ± 0.06^a	0.62 ± 0.05^a	42.32 ± 1.82^b	79.40 ± 3.95^b	0.29 ± 0.01^b	0.38 ± 0.01	1.84 ± 0.07

 ^a-bDifferent superscript letters in each column indicate significant difference between groups (𝑃<0.05).
Data are reported as mean ± SD.
¹LVIDd: left ventricular internal diameter in the end of diastole; LVIDs: left ventricular internal diameter in the end of systole; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; EF: ejection fraction; IVSTd: interventricular septum thickness in the end of diastole; IVSTs: inter ventricular septum thickness in the end of systole; SV: stroke volume.