Comparison of Tubal Sterilization Procedures Performed by Keyless Abdominal Rope-Lifting Surgery and Conventional CO₂ Laparoscopy: A Case Controlled Clinical Study

Table 1

The demographics, physical characteristics, and the preoperative findings of the participating women in both groups. The data was presented with mean ± standard deviation or median values.

Characteristic	KARS (𝑛=33)	CO2 laparoscopy (𝑛=38)	𝑃 value
Maternal age	37.06±3.73	35.66±3.05	0.091*
Gravidity	6	5	0.314*
Parity	4	4	0.639*
Miscarriage	0	0	0.592**
Induced abortion	1	1	0.553*
Ectopic pregnancy	0	0	0.283**
Offspring number	4	4	0.600*
Mean height (cm)	161.82±4.47	162.42±4.83	0.587*
Mean weight (kg)	69.42±10.21	67.89±10.73	0.541*
Mean body mass index (kg/m^2)	26.63±4.55	25.89±4.86	0.511*
Mean initial hemoglobulin (gr/dL)	12.59±1.46	12.57±1.37	0.952*
Mean initial hematocrit (%)	37.72±3.39	37.61±3.32	0.890*

∗Student’s 𝑡-test (used for normal distribution), ∗∗Mann Whitney 𝑈 test (used for nonnormal distribution).
KARS: Keyless Abdominal Rope-lifting Surgery.
CO₂ laparoscopy: Conventional multiport laparoscopy performed following the creation of pneumoperitoneum.