Strategic Feeding of Ammonium and Metal Ions for Enhanced GLA-Rich Lipid Accumulation in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1

Table 1

Effect of feeding on lipid and GLA production. Cultures were fed with several medium components at 72 hours of cultivation. Lipid was extracted and analyzed for GLA content at 120 hours of cultivation. The data represent means ± SDs, 𝑛=3.

Feeding	Biomass, X (g/L)	Lipid, L %; (g/g biomass)	GLA %; (g/g lipid)	Yield of biomass per glucose consumed,; YX/G	Yield of lipid per glucose consumed,; YL/G	Yield of GLA per glucose consumed; YGLA/G
Ammonium tartrate, glucose, and all metal ions; (Mg^2+, Mn^2+, Fe^3+, Cu^2+, Ca^2+, Co^2+ and Zn^2+)	14.77±0.45	50.95±1.07	13.24±0.13	0.34	0.17	0.02
Ammonium tartrate, glucose, and Fe^3+	13.95±0.60	48.75±0.67	12.66±0.05	0.31	0.15	0.02
Ammonium tartrate, glucose, and Mn^2+	12.05±0.42	44.22±0.80	11.86±0.32	0.22	0.13	0.01
Ammonium tartrate, glucose, and Mg^2+	13.28±0.40	39.24±0.71	12.13±0.39	0.32	0.13	0.01
Ammonium tartrate, glucose and Zn^2+	11.04±0.55	37.73±0.54	11.45±0.27	0.26	0.09	0.01
Ammonium tartrate and glucose	12.57±0.54	31.57±0.79	12.19±0.49	0.34	0.11	0.01
Without feeding	8.42±0.58	31.64±0.88	12.95±0.14	0.33	0.31	0.01