Diverse Effects of Lead Nitrate on the Proliferation, Differentiation, and Gene Expression of Stem Cells Isolated from a Dental Origin

Figure 1

Cytotoxic effect of Pb²⁺ to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), deciduous stem cells (SCDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLs), and permanent stem cells (DPSCs); phase contrast microscope; 10x magnification of BM-MSCs, SCDs, PDLs, and DPSCs in presence of various concentrations of Pb²⁺. In all experiments, the results represent average of five culture replicates with standard deviation and a representative photomicrograph was given for each experiment.