Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Monascus Fermented Product in the Absence of Monacolins with Partial Purification for Functional Food Applications

Table 4

Evaluation of hypocholesterolemic effect with M. purpureus FTC5391 submerged fermented (different SPE fraction) experimental rats performance serum TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and AST levels.

Group	TC mmol/L	TG mmol/L	HDL-C mmol/L	LDL-C mmol/L	TC/HDL-C	AST mmol/L	ALT mmol/L
Basal parameters	1.4 ± 0.2	0.76 ± 0.22	0.41 ± 0.16	0.63 ± 0.22	4.1 ± 1.4	208.7 ± 37.8	48.2 ± 8.9
HChol
Pretreatment	7 ± 2.7	2.3 ± 1.1^c	0.2 ± 0.045	5.9 ± 2.3	34 ± 11.1	308 ± 48^b	78 ± 14
Posttreatment	6.3 ± 2.5^cb	1.2 ± 0.53^b*	0.2 ± 0.05^a	5.4 ± 2.4^b	32.3 ± 16.5^c	328 ± 30^ab	82 ± 26
HChol-F1
Pretreatment	7.7 ± 2.3	1.9 ± 0.89^bc	0.22 ± 0.04	6.7 ± 2	35.27 ± 11.8	307 ± 42^ab	76 ± 12
Posttreatment	3.1 ± 0.25^a*	0.58 ± 0.22^a*	0.36 ± 0.08^b*	2.5 ± 0.25^a*	9 ± 2.1^a*	306 ± 68^ab	72 ± 10
HChol-F2
Pretreatment	7.1 ± 2.8	1.3 ± 0.63^b	0.19 ± 0.02^b	6.3 ± 2.6	36.6 ± 14.8	295 ± 60^b	75 ± 15
Posttreatment	5 ± 1^b	0.8 ± 0.25^a	0.21 ± 0.04^a	4.4 ± 1^b	24 ± 6.3^bc	300 ± 31^b	71 ± 12
HChol-F3
Pretreatment	7 ± 2.2	0.95 ± 0. 43^a	0.19 ± 0.07	6.4 ± 2	41.4 ± 22.7	291 ± 63^b	67 ± 9
Posttreatment	6.3 ± 1.5^c	0.55 ± 0.1^a	0.19 ± 0.09^a	5.4 ± 1.2^b	36.8 ± 13.9^c	308 ± 60^ab	65 ± 16
HChol-F4
Pretreatment	6.5 ± 1.2	0.91 ± 0.37^a	0.19 ± 0.05	5.8 ± 1	37.5 ± 13.2	274 ± 35^b	65 ± 10
Posttreatment	6.5 ± 1^c	0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.31 ± 0.1^b*	5.5 ± 1.2^b	25 ± 12.2^bc	287 ± 26^a	66 ± 11
HChol-M
Pretreatment	6.7 ± 0.65	1.47 ± 0.58^b	0.2 ± 0.04	5.7 ± 0.7	35 ± 10.1	292 ± 46^b	63 ± 12
Posttreatment	4.5 ± 1.5^ab*	0.65 ± 0.2^a*	0.28 ± 0.06^ab*	4 ± 1.5^ab	17.3 ± 7.5^b*	295 ± 40^a	64 ± 13
HChol-D
Pretreatment	6 ± 1.3	1.5 ± 0.52^b	0.21 ± 0.06	5.1 ± 1.5	31.4 ± 16.8	369 ± 78.7^a	78 ± 14
Posttreatment	2.8 ± 0.7^a*	0.74 ± 0.27^a*	0.3 ± 0.05^b*	2.71 ± 0.6^a*	9.7 ± 2.9^a*	355 ± 57^b	82 ± 26

Basal parameters: all rats fed on normal diets before starting Hchol diet; Hchol: high-cholesterol diet; HChol-F1, F2, F3, and F4 high-cholesterol diets: treatment with different SPE fractions (TFA 100%, TFA/ACN 50/50, TFA/ACN 25/75, and THF 100%) of M. Purpureus submerged fermented [sucrose (100 g/L), yeast extract (2.3 g/L), casamino acid (5 g/L), NaNO₃ (1.2 g/L), KNO₃ (1.6 g/L), KH₂PO₄ (1 g/L), MgSO₄·7H₂O (0.5 g/L), KCl (0.5 g/L), FeSO₄ (0.01 g/L), potato starch (1.3 g/L), dextrose (17.3 g/L)], and Hchol-D: treatment with atorvastatin (50 mg/kg bw/day), data are presented as means ± SD (𝑁=6). Mean values within each column with different superscripts are significantly different (𝑃<0.05); *: shows significant different in column at (𝑃<0.05) as compared to before treatment. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine transaminase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.