Using Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity to Optimize Sampling of Soil Penetration Resistance and to Improve the Estimations of Spatial Patterns of Soil Compaction

<div>Continuous record of soil apparent electrical conductivity (<svg height="12.5291pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.40876pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.12034 21.5443 12.5291" width="21.5443pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M517 162C503 123 484 88 467 68C445 42 417 34 341 34C291 34 256 34 237 47C219 59 213 81 213 128V317H308C395 317 402 311 415 240H444V431H415C403 364 398 356 307 356H213V584C213 613 215 616 246 616H322C394 616 421 609 435 587C448 566 458 544 467 502L496 506C493 557 488 625 488 650H42V622C120 616 128 612 128 523V125C128 43 120 35 29 28V0H511C520 31 540 125 546 158L517 162Z" id="g190-70"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="568" vert-adv-y="568"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,7.724,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z" id="g190-68"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="665" vert-adv-y="665"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,16.768,3.264)"><path d="M433 39L423 65C413 59 399 54 387 54C370 54 352 69 352 114V299C352 352 342 392 307 422C285 440 255 449 225 449C168 437 102 399 75 379C56 365 44 353 44 339C44 315 69 296 87 296C101 296 111 303 116 319C124 349 133 371 145 385C156 397 171 404 190 404C241 404 275 364 275 291V274C253 256 180 229 120 209C65 190 39 159 39 110C39 47 88 -12 159 -12C189 -12 237 25 277 52C282 35 288 21 301 8C312 -3 333 -12 348 -12L433 39ZM275 84C256 65 221 48 195 48C164 48 124 73 124 124C124 161 146 180 185 198C206 208 254 229 275 240V84Z" id="g190-98"></path><glyph.data ascent="989" descent="-360" horiz-adv-x="439" vert-adv-y="439"></glyph.data></g></svg>) obtained by electromagnetic induction (line) and the optimized sampling scheme consisting 40 points (circles).</div>

The Scientific World Journal

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Using Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity to Optimize Sampling of Soil Penetration Resistance and to Improve the Estimations of Spatial Patterns of Soil Compaction 

Figure 1 | Using Soil Apparent Electrical Conductivity to Optimize Sampling of Soil Penetration Resistance and to Improve the Estimations of Spatial Patterns of Soil Compaction 