Deep Tissue Massage and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Low Back Pain: A Prospective Randomized Trial

Table 3

Results of the visual analogue scale (VAS), Roland-Morris questionnaire (RM), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) before treatment (baseline test value) and after treatment (end test value).

Test	Group	Baseline test value	End test value	Wilcoxon test significance level	Difference value
VAS1	Treatment	58.3 [18.2]	42.2 [21.1]	*	16.1
	Control	51.8 [18.8]	30.6 [21.9]	*	21.2
VAS2	Treatment	56.1 [19.0]	36.5 [20.6]	*	19.6
	Control	55.9 [16.6]	31.2 [21.2]	*	24.7
VAS3	Treatment	47.4 [23.2]	33.5 [21.9]	*	13.9
	Control	41.8 [21]	25.3 [19.4]	*	16.5
RM	Treatment	9.8 [5.1]	6.4 [4.4]	*	3.4
	Control	9.3 [5.5]	6.1 [4.6]	*	3.2
ODI	Treatment	29.2 [17.0]	21.0 [15.1]	*	8.2
	Control	21.4 [9.4]	16.6 [9.4]	*	4.8

The values are given as mean with standard deviation in square brackets.
∗Significance at 𝑃<0.001.
VAS1—the pain intensity during resting; VAS2—the pain intensity during motion; VAS3—the pain intensity during mobility of the aching area of the spine.