Review Article
Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Findings Determine Research Priorities
Table 6
Assessment of selected pretreatment processes [
15,
88ā
96].
| Pretreatment process | Yield of fermentable sugars | Wastes | Investment |
| Physical or physicochemical | (i) Mechanical | Low | Very low | Low | (ii) Steam explosion | High | Low | High | (iii) Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) | Moderate | Very low | High | (iv) Carbonic acid | Very high | Very low | Low |
| Chemical | (i) Dilute acid | Very high | High | Moderate | (ii) Concentrated acid | Very high | High | High | (iii) Alkaline extraction | Very high | High | Low | (iv) Wet oxidation | High | Low | Low | (v) Organosolv | Very high | Low | Very high |
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