Biosorption of Microelements by Spirulina: Towards Technology of Mineral Feed Supplements
Table 6
Atomic concentration of elements present on the surface of pristine and metal cation-loaded Spirulina sp., assessed according to the analysis of X-ray spectrum.
Element
Atomic concentration of elements, % of all detected ions
Detection limits, %
Natural biomass
Co-Spirulina sp.
Cu-Spirulina sp.
Mn-Spirulina sp.
Zn-Spirulina sp.
Co, Cu, Mn, Zn-Spirulina sp.
*
C
17.9 ± 4.86
54.8 ± 8.99
44.7 ± 7.94
25.6 ± 2.23
47.9 ± 8.89
33.7 ± 6.81
0.277–100
Cl
1.80 ± 0.12
0.71 ± 0.08
0.42 ± 0.07
1.60 ± 0.16
2.0 ± 0.13
0.20 ± 0.05
0.001–2.621
O
59.31 ± 11.2
39.4 ± 6.76
42.9 ± 7.67
38.3 ± 3.31
42.8 ± 8.24
54.9 ± 10.14
0.525–100
P
0.26 ± 0.06
0.69 ± 0.06
1.37 ± 0.09
1.73 ± 0.13
0.69 ± 0.07
0.29 ± 0.05
0.001–2.013
S
0.49 ± 0.07
0.00 ± 0.00
0.35 ± 0.07
1.37 ± 0.16
0.86 ± 0.09
1.36 ± 0.09
0.001–2.307
**
Co
0.08 ± 0.08
0.95 ± 0.13
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
1.16 ± 0.15
0.076–6.924
Cu
0.13 ± 0.11
<LLD
9.27 ± 0.69
<LLD
<LLD
2.85 ± 0.30
0.083–8.040
Fe
0.05 ± 0.06
0.15 ± 0.09
0.15 ± 0.09
<LLD
0.41 ± 0.10
0.36 ± 0.10
0.060–6.398
Mn
0.02 ± 0.00
<LLD
<LLD
27.6 ± 1.27
<LLD
1.74 ± 0.15
0.063–5.894
Zn
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
<LLD
1.76 ± 0.31
0.18 ± 0.26
0.001–8.630
***
Ca
0.12 ± 0.06
<LLD
<LLD
0.17 ± 0.11
0.19 ± 0.07
<LLD
0.341–3.690
K
2.58 ± 0.18
0.22 ± 0.06
<LLD
0.08 ± 0.09
0.00 ± 0.01
0.28 ± 0.07
0.001–3.312
Na
12.5 ± 0.85
0.42 ± 0.05
<LLD
1.09 ± 0.19
1.01 ± 0.11
1.60 ± 0.13
0.001–1.041
macroelements, **microelements, ***alkali, and alkaline earth metals.
<LLD: lower limit of detection.
