Research Article

Improving Vector Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimisation Using Multiple Nondominated Leaders

Table 8

Performance comparison based on ZDT2 test problem.

Measure AbYSS NSGA-II SPEA2 SMPSO VEPSOml2

NS Ave. 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 99.620000
SD 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 3.800000
Min. 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 62.000000
Max. 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000

GD Ave. 0.000131 0.000176 0.000182 0.000051 0.000152
SD 0.000067 0.000066 0.000039 0.000003 0.000152
Min. 0.000056 0.000093 0.000090 0.000044 0.000043
Max. 0.000433 0.000707 0.000304 0.000060 0.010144

SP Ave. 0.130425 0.378029 0.158187 0.071698 0.098572
SD 0.090712 0.028949 0.027529 0.013981 0.065826
Min. 0.080831 0.311225 0.118114 0.035786 0.064648
Max. 0.833933 0.430516 0.365650 0.106749 0.721104

HV Ave. 0.325483 0.326117 0.326252 0.328576 0.328291
SD 0.023209 0.000297 0.000908 0.000077 0.004182
Min. 0.096409 0.325278 0.318785 0.328349 0.286901
Max. 0.328505 0.326696 0.327559 0.328736 0.328816