Research Article

Improving Vector Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimisation Using Multiple Nondominated Leaders

Table 9

Performance comparison based on ZDT3 test problem.

Measure AbYSS NSGA-II SPEA2 SMPSO VEPSOml2

NS Ave. 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 99.900000 96.500000
SD 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.904534 11.372037
Min. 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 91.000000 49.000000
Max. 100.000000 100.000000 100.000000 100.00000 100.000000

GD Ave. 0.000193 0.000211 0.000230 0.000203 0.001456
SD 0.000019 0.000013 0.000019 0.000061 0.002533
Min. 0.000144 0.000180 0.000184 0.000155 0.000159
Max. 0.000264 0.000268 0.000327 0.000717 0.007328

SP Ave. 0.707651 0.747853 0.711165 0.717493 0.752151
SD 0.013739 0.015736 0.008840 0.032822 0.050459
Min. 0.696859 0.715199 0.698590 0.697943 0.703181
Max. 0.796404 0.793183 0.775317 0.950901 0.981492

HV Ave. 0.512386 0.514813 0.513996 0.514996 0.493073
SD 0.011314 0.000159 0.000675 0.001737 0.045211
Min. 0.463776 0.514449 0.510764 0.500484 0.391275
Max. 0.515960 0.515185 0.514668 0.515818 0.515941