Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Rectangular Heated Pipe for Turbulent Nanofluid

Table 3

The comparison between prediction of Nusselt number and benchmarks at % and different Reynolds numbers for SiO₂ nanoparticles.

SiO2/water (3%)
Re	Nu (Simulation)	Nu (Dittus-Boelter)	Nu (Gnielinski)	Discrepancy between simulation and Gnielinski
5000	59.25	50.41	44.16	25.47%
10000	102.18	87.78	87.31	14.55%
15000	142.64	121.41	126.55	11.28%
20000	181.69	152.83	163.65	9.93%
25000	219.86	182.70	199.32	9.34%