Automated Detection and Evaluation of Swallowing Using a Combined EMG/Bioimpedance Measurement System

Table 4

Patient swallowing parameters.

Characteristic	Medical history	Mean	SD	Statistical significance
Duration of preparation for swallowing and bolus formation	wnP	0.029	9.172	0.352
	wP	−0.059	1.600
Extent of laryngeal closure	wnP	−0.954	0.217	0.370
	wP	−0.928	0.210
Maximum laryngeal elevation	wnP	−1.157	0.621	0.495
	wP	−1.332	0.848
Speed of laryngeal elevation	wnP	−4.758	3.416	0.710
	wP	−4.964	1.901

The comparison above shows means and standard deviations (SD) for patients with a swallowing disorder. The significance level was calculated using the Mann 𝑈 test, where *** denotes a statistically significant difference at a significance level of 0.01 and * at a significance level of 0.05. wnP = with no penetration and wP = with penetration.