Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan

Table 4

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for local cigarette brands in tobacco, smoke, and ash.

	𝑛=30, mean ± SD (µg/g)			𝑃 value	Remarks
	Tobacco	Smoke	Ash
Cd	0.501±0.120	0.629±0.132	1.029±0.054	0.000**	Significant
Ni	2.076±1.113	1.691±0.451	13.81±1.591	0.000**	Significant
Pb	14.39±4.986	2.787±0.835	22.88±20.03	0.03*	Significant
Cr	1.178±0.196	0.844±0.521	11.75±1.365	0.000**	Significant

∗Significant difference (𝑃<0.05).
**Highly significant difference (𝑃<0.01).