Sex Dependence of Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder
Table 1
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (values expressed as means and standard deviations shown in brackets).
Patients group
Control group
Overall ()
Males ()
Females ()
Overall ()
Males
Females ()
Age (years)
52.4 (10.2)
50.0 (10.0)
53.9 (10.2)
52.7 (11.7)
48.5 (10.6)
55.6 (11.6)a
Education (years)
13.7 (3.6)
14.3 (3.6)
13.4 (3.5)
13.3 (2.5)
13.6 (1.8)
13.1 (2.8)
Age at illness onset (years)
30.1 (10.8)
28.4 (10.4)
31.7 (11.1)
—
—
—
Number of episodes
13.3 (8.2)
13.3 (8.7)
13.2 (7.8)
—
—
—
Duration of illness (years)
21.8 (10.7)
21.4 (10.6)
22.2 (11.0)
—
—
—
Duration of lithium treatment (years)
12.3 (8.5)
11.8 (7.4)
12.6 (9.4)
—
—
—
HDRS
2.5 (1.8)
2.5 (1.7)
2.6 (2.1)
0.7 (1.1)b
0.3 (0.5)
1 (1.4)
YMRS
0.6 (0.9)
0.7 (1.0)
0.3 (0.7)
0.4 (0.7)
0.3 (0.8)
0.4 (0.7)
YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale; HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. : difference between male controls and female controls. : difference between patients and control group.
