Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Closely Related Species, Alpinia mutica Roxb. and Alpinia latilabris Ridl., from Peninsular Malaysia

Table 1

Essential oil constituents of the flowers, unripe and ripe fruits of A. mutica Roxb. and A. latilabris Ridl.

Constituent	RI; (HP-5MS UI)	Area (%)^a
		A. mutica		A. latilabris
		Unripe fruits	Ripe fruits	Unripe fruits	Ripe fruits
2-Heptanone	888	𝑡	0.1	—	—
2-Heptanol	899	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.7
Tricyclene	920	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2
𝛼-Thujene	925	0.1	0.1	—	0.2
𝛼-Pinene^b	935	5.7	6.9	8.2	8.8
Camphene^b	948	16.6	10.2	5.1	5.8
Benzaldehyde	959	0.1	0.1	—	0.1
Sabinene	972	—	0.1	—	—
𝛽-Pinene^b	980	8.6	13.5	20.2	19.0
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	987	𝑡	0.1	—	0.1
Myrcene^b	991	3.2	2.1	2.1	1.6
𝛼-Phellandrene^b	1003	1.0	1.2	2.5	0.7
𝛼-Terpinene	1017	0.1	0.1	—	—
𝑝-Cymene^b	1024	0.3	0.5	—	0.1
Limonene	1029	4.2	2.9	0.2	—
1,8-Cineole^b	1031	5.1	9.6	34.2	35.9
cis-𝛽-Ocimene^b	1037	𝑡	𝑡	—	—
2-Heptyl acetate	1048	0.1	—	𝑡	—
trans-𝛽-Ocimene^b	1050	0.1	0.1	—	0.4
𝛾-Terpinene^b	1059	𝑡	0.2	0.8	0.3
Octanol	1071	0.1	—	—	—
trans-Linalool oxide (furanoid)	1073	—	𝑡	0.1	—
Fenchone	1083	—	𝑡	—	—
Terpinolene^b	1088	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
2-Nonanone	1090	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1
Linalool^b	1099	1.8	1.5	2.7	2.3
Fenchol^b	1115	𝑡	0.1	—	𝑡
trans-Sabinene hydrate	1117	—	0.1	—	—
cis-𝑝-Menth-2-en-1-ol	1121	—	0.1	—	—
Camphor^b	1143	21.0	15.8	7.4	8.8
Camphene hydrate	1147	—	—	0.3	—
𝛽-Pinene oxide	1162	—	0.1	0.1	—
Isoborneol^b	1163	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3
Borneol^b	1168	0.9	0.8	1.8	2.2
Terpinen-4-ol^b	1176	0.6	0.5	1.0	1.0
𝑝-Cymen-8-ol	1184	0.1	—	—	—
𝛼-Terpineol^b	1190	2.2	1.9	3.2	3.1
Myrtenal^b	1196	0.1	0.1	—	0.3
Myrtenol	1197	—	—	0.1	0.1
trans-Piperitol	1208	𝑡	—	—	—
𝛽-Citronellol^b	1228	0.1	0.6	𝑡	0.1
Neral	1238	—	𝑡	0.1	0.1
Geraniol^b	1255	0.3	1.0	0.3	—
Geranial	1270	—	0.5	0.1	0.2
Bornyl acetate^b	1289	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.2
Thymol	1294	—	𝑡
2-Undecanone	1299	𝑡	0.1	0.1	—
Carvacrol	1299	—	—	—	0.1
Methyl geranate	1324	—	𝑡	—	—
𝛼-Cubebene	1350	—	—	𝑡	0.1
Neryl acetate	1367	𝑡	—	—	—
𝛼-Copaene^b	1372	0.1	—	—	—
Geranyl acetate^b	1380	0.2	0.1	0.1	—
𝛽-Elemene	1402	—	—	𝑡	—
𝛽-Caryophyllene^b	1419	2.5	2.1	1.0	0.5
trans-𝛼-Bergamotene	1435	0.4	0.4	—	0.2
𝛼-Humulene^b	1454	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1
trans-𝛽-Farnesene	1456	0.1	0.1	—	0.1
allo-Aromadendrene	1457	—	—	0.1	—
𝛽-Santalene	1461	—	𝑡	—	—
ar-Curcumene^b	1481	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
𝛼-Zingiberene^b	1495	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.1
trans,trans-𝛼-farnesene	1507	1.9	1.9	0.5	0.4
𝛾-Cadinene	1515	—	0.2	—	—
𝛽-Sesquiphellandrene	1523	1.4	1.0	0.5	0.4
𝛼-Elemol	1534	—	—	0.1	—
Germacrene B	1561	—	𝑡	—	—
trans-Nerolidol^b	1563	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.0
Caryophyllene oxide^b	1583	0.8	1.3	—	0.6
𝛾-Eudesmol	1631	—	—	0.1	—
𝛽-Eudesmol	1644	—	—	0.1	—
𝛼-Cadinol	1653	0.1	—	0.2	—
𝛼-Santalol	1680	0.4	0.4	—	—
𝛼-Bisabolol	1684	0.9	0.3	—	0.2
cis,cis-Farnesol	1717	—	—	—	0.5
trans,trans-Farnesol^b	1723	8.0	11.2	—	—
trans,trans-Farnesal	1739	—	0.3	—	0.2
trans,cis-Farnesol	1743	—	—	0.2	—
		93.7%	94.1%	97.0%	97.7%

aPercentage of total FID area obtained on HP-5 MS UI column, 𝑡 = (<0.05%).
bPreviously reported in the young and matured fruits of A. mutica Roxb. by Sirat et al., 2009 [13].