Research Article
Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Simulator for Robotic Surgery
| Total () | Group 1 Novice () | Group 2 Intermediate () | Group 3 Expert () |
| Mean age (range) | 39 (28–55) | 44 (31–63) | 48 (35–61) | Gender (male/female) | 11/4 | 11/3 | 13/0 | Participants () | | | | Medical specialist | 3 | 12 | 13 | Resident | 3 | 2 | 0 | Other | 9 | 0 | 0 | Videogame experience, >10 hours (no/yes) | 7/8 | 9/5 | 11/2 | Laparoscopic experience (level I-II procedures) | | | | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1–25 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 26–100 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 100 | 2 | 12 | 10 | Laparoscopic experience (level III-IV procedures) | | | | 0 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 1–24 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 25–100 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 100 | 0 | 5 | 7 | Robotic experience (total cases) | | | | None | 15 | 0 | 0 | 5–9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 10–39 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 40–49 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 70–150 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 4 | Mean estimated total number of robotic cases (range) | 0 | 24 (6–50) | 240 (70–1200) |
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