Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Simulator for Robotic Surgery

Table 2

Demographics.

Total (𝑛=42)	Group 1; Novice; (𝑛=15)	Group 2; Intermediate; (𝑛=14)	Group 3; Expert; (𝑛=13)
Mean age (range)	39 (28–55)	44 (31–63)	48 (35–61)
Gender (male/female)	11/4	11/3	13/0
Participants (𝑛)
Medical specialist	3	12	13
Resident	3	2	0
Other	9	0	0
Videogame experience, >10 hours (no/yes)	7/8	9/5	11/2
Laparoscopic experience (level I-II procedures)
0	10	0	0
1–25	2	1	0
26–100	1	1	3
>100	2	12	10
Laparoscopic experience (level III-IV procedures)
0	11	2	0
1–24	2	0	0
25–100	2	7	6
>100	0	5	7
Robotic experience (total cases)
None	15	0	0
5–9	0	3	0
10–39	0	6	0
40–49	0	5	0
70–150	0	0	9
>150	0	0	4
Mean estimated total number of robotic cases (range)	0	24 (6–50)	240 (70–1200)