Research Article

Development and Application of a ZigBee-Based Building Energy Monitoring and Control System

Table 1

Key characteristics of common wireless standards.

Data rateRangeNetwork topologyOperating frequencyComplexityPower consumptionSecurityOther informationTypical applications

ZiBee20, 40, and 250 kb/s10–100 mAd hoc, peer-to-peer, star, or mesh868 MHz (Europe)
900–928 MHz (NA), 2.4 GHz (worldwide)
LowVery low128-AES plus application layer securityDevices can join an existing network in under 30 msIndustrial control and monitoring, sensor networks, building automation, home control and automation, toys, and games

Wi-Fi11 and 54 Mb/s50–100 mPoint-to-hub2.4 and 5 GHzHighHighDevice connection requires 3–5 sWireless local area network (LAN) connectivity, broadband Internet access

Bluetooth1 Mb/s10 mAd hoc, very small networks2.4 GHzHighMedium64- and 128-b encryptionDevice connection requires up to 10 sWireless connectivity between devices, such as phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptops, and headsets

BLE1 Mb/s>100 mAd hoc, very small networks2.4 GHzHighLow128-bit AES with counter Mode CBC-MAC6 ms latency from a non-connected stateMobile phones, gaming, watches, healthcare, and home electronics

UWB100–500 Mb/s<10 mPoint-to-point3.1–10.6 GHzMediumLowStreaming video, home entertainment applications

Wireless USB62.5 kb/s10 mPoint-to-point2.4 GHzLowLowPeripheral PC connections

IR Wire-less20–40 kb/s
115 kb/s
4 and 16 Mb/s
<10 m
(line of sight)
Point-to-point800–900 nmLowLowRemote controls, PCs, PDAs, phones, and laptop links