Formulation and Evaluation of Guggul Lipid Nanovesicles for Transdermal Delivery of Aceclofenac

Table 3

Physicochemical characterization of selected nanovesicle formulations (PC-1 and GL-1) after stability studies.

Parameters	Formulation code	0th Day	30th Day		90th Day		180th Day
			4°C	25°C	4°C	25°C	4°C	25°C
Size (nm)	PC-1	147 ± 2.5	163 ± 1.3	212 ± 4.2	285 ± 2.4	346 ± 2.8	412 ± 3.7	698 ± 4.7
	GL-1	121 ± 1.1	122 ± 1.5	125 ± 1.7	129 ± 2.8	143 ± 2.5	138 ± 1.6	189 ± 1.9
PDI	PC-1	0.297 ± 0.001	0.351 ± 0.003	0.472 ± 0.007	0.449 ± 0.002	0.548 ± 0.003	0.562 ± 0.009	0.723 ± 0.007
	GL-1	0.153 ± 0.004	0.167 ± 0.002	0.171 ± 0.001	0.179 ± 0.001	0.185 ± 0.007	0.182 ± 0.005	0.198 ± 0.001
𝜁 potential (mV)	PC-1	−42 ± 1.2	−43 ± 1.8	−44 ± 1.3	−46 ± 3.1	−48 ± 3.5	−48 ± 2.9	−51 ± 2.6
	GL-1	−25 ± 1.1	−26 ± 1.7	−27 ± 2.9	−26 ± 2.9	−28 ± 1.6	−27 ± 1.9	−29 ± 2.4
Entrapment efficiency (%)	PC-1	47.6 ± 1.8	46.8 ± 1.3	34.8 ± 2.1	38.2 ± 1.5	28.1 ± 2.6	32.6 ± 2.1	17.2 ± 2.2
	GL-1	78.9 ± 1.1	78.4 ± 1.3	77.3 ± 1.5	77.6 ± 1.5	73.2 ± 1.4	74.1 ± 1.8	70.4 ± 1.7
In  vitro % Cumulative drug release	PC-1	73.91 ± 1.4; (in 24 hrs)	79.2 ± 1.9; (in 18 hrs)	91.4 ± 2.2; (in 18 hrs)	85.5 ± 2.8; (in 20 hrs)	94.3 ± 2.3; (in 14 hrs)	93.7 ± 1.4; (in 12 hrs)	95.3 ± 1.9; (in 8 hrs)
	GL-1	70.06 ± 1.3; (in 24 hrs)	72.4 ± 1.9; (in 24 hrs)	75.6 ± 1.5; (in 24 hrs)	78.8 ± 2.2; (in 24 hrs)	81.3 ± 1.9; (in 24 hrs)	89.5 ± 1.6; (in 24 hrs)	95.2 ± 1.4; (in 24 hrs)

All data expressed as mean ± S.D.; 𝑛=3; 𝑃≤0.05.