Association Analysis of SSR Markers with Phenology, Grain, and Stover-Yield Related Traits in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)

Table 4

Association of marker alleles with phenotypic traits using GLM and MLM (𝑄+𝐾) models and the across-season BLUPs.

Trait	Locus	Linkage group	Correlation with phenotype	GLM Model		MLM (𝑄+𝐾) Model
				𝐹 ratio	−log 10 𝑃 value	𝐹 ratio	−log 10 𝑃 value
FT	Xicmp3027_202	5	0.28	4.86	3.53	1.58	ns
	Xpsmp2076_160	4	0.20	3.46	2.31	2.26	ns
	Xpsmp2077_136	2	−0.02	5.40	3.45	1.98	ns
	Xpsmp2088_136	2	−0.15	4.44	3.16	2.52	ns
	Xpsmp2227_194	3	0.18	3.19	2.08	1.94	ns
	Xpsmp2248_162	6	−0.30	8.59	5.78	3.50	2.08
	Xpsmp2248_166	6	0.29	6.44	4.22	2.07	ns
PH	Xicmp3027_202	5	0.27	4.23	2.98	1.46	ns
	Xpsmp2069_214	1	0.24	3.24	2.12	1.50	ns
	Xpsmp2077_136	2	−0.02	4.65	2.91	2.38	ns
	Xpsmp2085_175	4	0.21	3.95	2.40	3.68	2.21
	Xpsmp2088_136	2	−0.14	3.37	2.23	2.38	ns
	Xpsmp2224_157	7	0.27	7.26	4.82	5.54	3.56
	Xpsmp2224_159	7	−0.24	3.79	2.28	2.12	ns
	Xpsmp2233_256	5	0.17	3.96	2.75	1.81	ns
	Xpsmp2233_260	5	−0.06	3.30	2.18	2.08	ns
	Xpsmp2233_262	5	−0.18	5.58	3.59	2.43	ns
	Xpsmp2248_162	6	−0.30	6.17	4.02	2.80	ns
	Xpsmp2248_166	6	0.30	6.43	4.21	2.70	ns
PL	Xpsmp2077_136	2	0.09	4.21	2.58	2.30	ns
	Xpsmp2224_157	7	0.12	3.46	2.04	3.27	ns
	Xpsmp2233_260	5	−0.13	4.00	2.78	2.88	ns
PD	Xicmp3002_204	6	0.22	3.44	2.30	2.56	ns
	Xpsmp2248_164	6	0.01	4.76	2.03	3.30	ns
GY	Xpsmp2224_159	7	−0.25	4.20	2.58	3.16	ns
SDMY	Xpsmp2220_115	5	0.14	3.23	2.11	1.84	ns
	Xpsmp2224_157	7	0.21	4.21	2.59	2.82	ns
	Xpsmp2233_262	5	−0.18	3.97	2.41	2.90	ns
	Xpsmp2248_162	6	−0.23	3.90	2.36	2.56	ns
	Xpsmp2248_166	6	0.21	3.43	2.03	1.64	ns
BMY	Xpsmp2220_115	5	0.15	3.09	2.00	2.10	ns
	Xpsmp2224_159	7	−0.22	3.64	2.18	2.09	ns
PTP	Xpsmp2085_175	4	0.05	4.10	2.51	3.95	2.40
	Xpsmp2227_196	3	−0.20	3.70	2.52	2.95	ns
HI	Xicmp3027_200	5	0.26	4.39	3.12	2.51	ns
	Xicmp3027_202	5	−0.22	3.85	2.65	1.95	ns
	Xpsmp2086_116	4	0.16	3.14	2.04	1.99	ns
	Xpsmp2248_162	6	0.23	4.98	3.15	3.08	ns
	Xpsmp2248_166	6	−0.25	6.59	4.33	4.37	2.70

FT: flowering time, PH: plant height, PL: panicle length, PD: panicle diameter, GY: grain yield, SDMY: stover dry matter yield, BMY: biomass yield, PTP: panicle threshing percentage, and HI: harvest index.