Optimization (Central Composite Design) and Validation of HPLC Method for Investigation of Emtricitabine Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles: <i>In Vitro</i> Drug Release and <i>In Vivo</i> Pharmacokinetic Studies

<table class="table-group" id="tab6"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Pharmacokinetic parameters </td><td align="center">Free emtricitabine</td><td align="center">Emtricitabine NPs</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="15.6875" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.3125 15.6875" width="33.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.05,15.475)"><path d="M797 0h-214v26q46 5 58 17.5t12 63.5v167q0 116 -88 116q-48 0 -112 -52q3 -18 3 -42v-195q0 -46 11 -58t53 -17v-26h-214v26q48 5 59.5 17t11.5 60v172q0 115 -88 115q-47 0 -109 -52v-235q0 -47 10 -59.5t48 -17.5v-26h-211v26q50 5 62.5 17t12.5 60v207q0 48 -9 59.5
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</svg> (<i>µ</i>g/mL)</td><td align="center">1.696 ± 0.017</td><td align="center">1.934 ± 0.041</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="14.4125" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.125 14.4125" width="27.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,5.862,14.2)"><path d="M797 0h-214v26q46 5 58 17.5t12 63.5v167q0 116 -88 116q-48 0 -112 -52q3 -18 3 -42v-195q0 -46 11 -58t53 -17v-26h-214v26q48 5 59.5 17t11.5 60v172q0 115 -88 115q-47 0 -109 -52v-235q0 -47 10 -59.5t48 -17.5v-26h-211v26q50 5 62.5 17t12.5 60v207q0 48 -9 59.5
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</svg> (h)</td><td align="center">2.0 ± 0.006 </td><td align="center">16 ± 0.031</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="16.2125" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-4.83345pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.875 16.2125" width="22.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.125)"><path d="M324 430l-26 -36l-112 -4l-55 -265q-13 -66 7 -66q13 0 44.5 20t50.5 40l17 -24q-38 -40 -85.5 -73.5t-87.5 -33.5q-50 0 -21 138l55 262h-80l-2 8l25 34h66l25 99l78 63l10 -9l-37 -153h128z" id="x1D461"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,5.862,14.2)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,11.574,14.2)"><path d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" id="x2F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.476,14.2)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g>
</svg> (h)</td><td align="center">9.366 ± 0.580 </td><td align="center">32.099 ± 2.194</td></tr><tr><td align="left">AUC<svg height="7.8249998" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.0875 7.8249998" width="25.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,.062,7.612)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,5.775,7.612)"><path d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" id="x2D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.036,7.612)"><path d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" id="x2D"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.263,7.612)"><path d="M983 225q0 -112 -67 -174.5t-150 -62.5q-91 0 -154.5 43.5t-113.5 129.5q-49 -85 -104 -129t-138 -44q-98 0 -158.5 66t-60.5 154q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t70.5 43t73 15q90 0 152.5 -43.5t112.5 -128.5q48 84 104.5 128t140.5 44q93 0 155 -65t62 -158zM478 196
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</svg> (<i>µ</i>g/mL*h)</td><td align="center">14.835 ± 0.450</td><td align="center">238.667 ± 10.315</td></tr><tr><td align="left">AUMC<svg height="7.8249998" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.0875 7.8249998" width="25.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,.062,7.612)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,5.775,7.612)"><path d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" id="x2D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.036,7.612)"><path d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" id="x2D"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.263,7.612)"><path d="M983 225q0 -112 -67 -174.5t-150 -62.5q-91 0 -154.5 43.5t-113.5 129.5q-49 -85 -104 -129t-138 -44q-98 0 -158.5 66t-60.5 154q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t70.5 43t73 15q90 0 152.5 -43.5t112.5 -128.5q48 84 104.5 128t140.5 44q93 0 155 -65t62 -158zM478 196
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</svg> (<i>µ</i>g/mL*h)</td><td align="center">178.32 ± 15.095</td><td align="center">22156.689 ± 1243.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="15.4" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.862499 15.4" width="18.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350
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</svg> (1/h) </td><td align="center">0.0741 ± 0.004</td><td align="center">0.0215 ± 0.0013</td></tr><tr><td align="left">MRT</td><td align="center">12.0 ± 0.670</td><td align="center">94.307 ± 1.950</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td>Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (<svg height="11.225" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.237499 11.225" width="36.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)"><path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
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</svg>).<br/></td></tr></table>

Pharmacokinetic parameters of free emtricitabine and emtricitabine NPs at a dose of 15 mg/kg/rat. 

The Scientific World Journal

tab6

Table 6

Table 6: Optimization (Central Composite Design) and Validation of HPLC Method for Investigation of Emtricitabine Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles: <i>In Vitro</i> Drug Release and <i>In Vivo</i> Pharmacokinetic Studies 

Table 6 | Optimization (Central Composite Design) and Validation of HPLC Method for Investigation of Emtricitabine Loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles: In Vitro Drug Release and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies 