Research Article
Backup of Renewable Energy for an Electrical Island: Case Study of Israeli Electricity System—Current Status
Table 1
Reaction time of generating facilities.
| | Facility type | Installed capacity MW | Normal ramp rate MW/min | Accelerated ramp rate MW/min | Additional remarks |
| | Gas/diesel turbine | 280 | 0.7–1 | 1.5–3 | Start-up time of 5 to 20 hours according to the unit’s heat | | Coal steam | | 3 | 5 | Warm start-up time of 8 hours and cold start-time of 72 hours | | Coal steam | | 5 | 10 | Warm start-up time of 2 hours and cold start-time of 13 hours | | Gas/diesel steam | | 2-3 | 2-3 | Start-up time of 5 to 20 hours according to the unit’s temperature | | Gas/diesel steam | | 1 | 3-4 | Start-up time of 3 to 20 hours according to the unit’s temperature | | Coal steam | | 5 | 10 | | | Simple-cycle gas turbine | | 10 | | Time from start-up to standing synchronization of 16 minutes | | Combined-cycle gas turbine | 336 | 10–20 | | Start-up time of 55 to 180 minutes, depending upon the facility’s temperature | | Simple-cycle gas turbine | | 10 | | Synchronization time of 16 minutes | | Combined-cycle gas turbine | | 5–20 | | 48 minutes to full load from warm start and 240 minutes from a cold start (i.e., not operating for at least 48 hours) | | Simple-cycle gas turbine | | 20 | | Synchronization time of 6 minutes | | Jet turbines | 40 | Full load within 1–5 minutes | | Synchronization time of 15 minutes | | Combined-cycle gas turbine Model F | 360–400 | 10 | 20 | |
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