| | Characteristic | Category | Transfusion | No transfusion | value | | (%) | (%) |
| | Study population | | 100,352 (18.93) | 429,737 (81.07) | |
| | Patient related | | Age category | <45 | 2,324 (2.32) | 13,616 (3.17) | <0.001 | | 45–54 | 8,938 (8.91) | 58,684 (13.66) | | 55–64 | 21,830 (21.75) | 126,386 (29.41) | | 65–74 | 31,836 (31.72) | 136,396 (31.74) | | 75–99 | 35,424 (35.3) | 94,655 (22.03) | | Mean age (SD) | | 68.87 (SD = 11.4) | 65.24 (SD = 11.1) | | | Gender | Female | 71,804 (71.55) | 253,074 (58.89) | <0.001 | | Male | 28,548 (28.45) | 176,663 (41.11) | | Race | White | 69,573 (69.33) | 325,498 (75.74) | <0.001 | | Black | 8,196 (8.17) | 28,001 (6.52) | | Hispanic | 3,093 (3.08) | 8,839 (2.06) | | Other | 19,490 (19.42) | 67,399 (15.68) | | Deyo index category | 0 | 59,145 (58.94) | 276,833 (64.42) | <0.001 | | 1 | 19,116 (19.05) | 70,197 (16.34) | | 2 | 15,873 (15.82) | 61,933 (14.41) | | ≥3 | 6,218 (6.20) | 20,774 (4.83) | | Mean deyo index (SD) | | 0.71 (SD = 1.0) | 0.60 (SD = 0.9) | |
| | Healthcare related | | Hospital location | Rural | 11,040 (11) | 42,403 (9.87) | <0.001 | | Urban | 89,312 (89) | 387,334 (90.13) | | Hospital bed size | ≤299 | 31,548 (31.44) | 140,010 (32.58) | <0.001 | | 300–499 | 34,932 (34.81) | 173,293 (40.33) | | ≥500 | 33,872 (33.75) | 116,434 (27.09) | | Hospital teaching status | No | 61,861 (61.64) | 249,435 (58.04) | <0.001 | | Yes | 38,491 (38.36) | 180,302 (41.96) |
| | Procedure related | | Year of procedure | 2006 | 19,097 (19.03) | 78,641 (18.3) | <0.001 | | 2007 | 20,705 (20.63) | 84,549 (19.67) | | 2008 | 22,348 (22.27) | 89,248 (20.77) | | 2009 | 22,703 (22.62) | 100,829 (23.46) | | 2010 | 15,499 (15.44) | 76,470 (17.79) | | Type of anaesthesia | Neuraxial | 6,644 (6.62) | 33,390 (7.77) | <0.001 | | General | 54,868 (54.68) | 239,425 (55.71) | | Neuraxial/general | 8,635 (8.6) | 40,786 (9.49) | | Other | 30,205 (30.1) | 116,136 (27.02) | | Peripheral nerve block | Yes | 93,587 (93.26) | 394,244 (91.74) | <0.001 | | No | 6,765 (6.74) | 35,493 (8.26) | | Type of procedure | THA | 40,532 (40.39) | 132,418 (30.81) | <0.001 | | TKA | 59,820 (59.61) | 297,319 (69.19) |
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