Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: The Addition of Systemic Chemotherapy to Radiotherapy Led to an Observed Improvement in Survival—A Single Centre Experience and Review of the Literature

Table 3

Trials using molecular targeting agents in ATC.

Study	Year	Phase	Setting	Number of patients	Agent	Mechanism of action	Overall survival
NCT01240590 (ClinicalTrials.gov)	2010 ongoing	I/II	Recurrent, metastatic, and inoperable	46 (planned)	Crolibulin plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone	Microtubulin inhibitor	Awaiting
Savvides et al. [50]	2013	II	Advanced pretreated ATC	20	Sorafenib alone	Multikinase inhibitor with activity against Raf, VEGF, PDGFR, Ret, and c-kit	20% (1 year survival)
Sosa et al. [49]	2012	II/III	Advanced pretreated ATC	80	Fosbretabulin (CA4P) or placebo in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel	VDA/tubulin-binding compound	33% (1 year compared to 7% in control arm)
Ha et al. [51]	2010	II	Advanced pretreated ATC	11	Imatinib alone	TKI acting upon Bcr-ABL and PDGF	45% (6 months)

ATC: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGFR: platelet derived growth factor receptor: CA4P: Combretastatin A-4 phosphate; VDA: vascular disrupting agent; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor.