A Review of Intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapy Using Arterial Waveform Analysis for Assessment of Cardiac Output

Table 2

Studies using IGDT with arterial waveform analysis intraoperatively.

Study authors	Analysis system	Type of study	Total number of patients	Outcomes
Benes et al. [30]	FloTrac	RCT	120	FloTrac group had significantly fewer postoperative complications. No difference in hospital length of stay or mortality was seen.
Mayer et al. [31]	FloTrac	RCT	60	FloTrac group had significantly fewer complications and a shortened median duration of hospital stay.
Cecconi et al. [32]	FloTrac	RCT	40	FloTrac group had a significant decrease in postoperative complications and received more dobutamine intraoperatively.
Scheeren et al. [33]	FloTrac	RCT	64	FloTrac group had significantly fewer postoperative wound infections. No significant difference in complications or ICU length of stay.
van der Linden et al. [34]	FloTrac	RCT	27	No difference in tissue oxygen delivery (main outcome measure).
Bisgaard et al. [35]	LiDCO	RCT	64	LiDCO group had higher stroke volume index and oxygen delivery index in postoperative period. No difference in number of complications or length of hospital stay.
Bisgaard et al. [36]	LiDCO	RCT	40	LiDCO group had increased stroke volume index, cardiac index, and oxygen delivery. Statistically significant decrease in complications in LiDCO group. No difference in the median length of hospital stay.
Wiles et al. [37]	LiDCO	RCT	128 (planned)	Ongoing. No available data.
Goepfert et al. [38]	PiCCO	RCT	100	PiCCO group had significantly fewer postoperative complications, decreased time to achieve ICU discharge criteria, and decreased length of ICU stay.