Dried roots in powdered form are used for joint pains and in fever, Used to cure cough, gastrointestinal complaints, stomachache and rheumatism Roots are burnt to smoke and fumigations are used to keep snakes away from inhabitation. Powdered roots used as spice in various recepies to provide pleasant aroma and flavour to food*
Dysentery, gastric, stomach disorder, vomiting [11–14], Essential oils (-phellandrene, -cadinol), lactone, coumarin (I), isoimperatorin, prangolarin, furocoumarins [15], Roots are burnt to remove the snakes when they enter the house [16]
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle (Herb), 51397
Decoction is prepared after boiling the aerial parts in water. Tonic used to remove abdominal parasites of children. Considered antiseptic blood purifier and vermifuge*
Decoction is used against stomachache also vermifuge; Paste is used for cuts and wounds
Asthma, epilepsy, nervous disorders, peptic ulcers, skin diseases, sores, insect repellent and stomachache. [13], The leaf paste is applied on cuts and wounds to check bleeding [22], Leaves contain essential oil up to 0.35%. Infusion of leaves given to asthma, nervous and spasmodic affections. Roots used as tonic and antiseptic [15]
Astragalus himalayanus Klotz. (Herb), 58789
Papilionaceae
Kayabachtp
Flowers Seeds
Powdered seeds and flowers given in strangury
Inhabitant of Lahaul-spiti also use powdered seeds and flowers given in strangury [14]
Astragalus rhizanthus Royle ex Benth. (Herb), 51203
Leaves are ground and fumes are inhaled to recover from heavy sneezing. Leaves are used as “Pattar”, a kind of eco-friendly disposable plate, used during marriage and other ceremonies*
CaC(2)O(4) crystal inhibition, diuretic, hypermagneseuric and antioxidant effects and this study rationalizes. Its medicinal use in urolithiasis [24]
Chenopodium album L. (Herb), 58783
Chenopodiaceae
Baathu
Leaves and seeds
Used for both green and grain
Whole plant is used for ulcers, swellings and seminal weakness [25], indigestion [26] used for both for grain and green [27]
Chenopodium foliosum Wall. (Herb) 58779
Chenopodiaceae
—
Fruits
Red juicy fruits are eaten as it is
Indigestion [26], ripe fruits are mixed with grains for consumption [28], red juicy inflorescence is eaten [27]
Cicer microphyllum Benth. (Herb), 58785
Papilionaceae
Chiri
Leaves and stems
Used to cure mouth infection like mouth ulcer. Fodder is suited best for cow to increase milk yield*
Whole plant is used for increasing milk production and as general tonic for cows [25], sore mouth in cattle, tongue infection, jaundice [26]; immature are eaten, potential breeding material for cultivated Cicer [27]
Clematis grata Wall. (Herb), 58458
Ranunculaceae
Bharani
Leaves
Leaves are used for the eruptions of the pimples and boils. Leaves are crushed either with water or urine of cow and a paste is made and then the paste is applied on the infected part to cure the infected part*
Shoots used for ring worm, baldness, and as antimycotic [29]
Crataegus songarica K. Koch (Tree), 58778
Rosaceae
Pingyath
Fruits and wood
Ripe fruits are eaten by school children and road side laborours. Wood is used to make plough for field; fruits are sold to contractors at 18–20 Rs/kg
Fruits are edible and considered as cardio tonic. Wood is heavy, hard, and tough and is used for making tool hands, mallets, and other small items. Also used as fuel wood. Leaves are used for fodder [30]
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (Climber), 58484
Cuscutaceae
Amarbel
Whole plant
The plant is used in jaundice. Ladies used whole plant as hair tonic by macerating the plant in Brassica oil*
Whole plant extract is considered as antiviral [31] and analgesic [32], methanol extract of stem possesses antibacterial activity [32]
Datisca cannabina L. (Shrub), 58282
Datiscaceae
Pahari neem
Leaves
The leaves are used to protect clothes from worms*
Leaves are considered as tonic for cattle so used as fodder*
The dried branches and leaves are ground and the powder is used early in the morning with water against diabetes [35]
Heracleum lanatum Michx. (= H. candicans Wall. ex DC.) (Herb), 58489
Apiaceae
Dundu
Roots
Grounded root paste is used in snake bite*. It is used to treat fever and abdominal cramps caused by the intestinal worms
Plant is a good fodder for goats which increases milk production and medicinally it is used for nerve disorders and sexual problems [25]
Impatiens sulcata L. (Herb), 58718
Balsaminaceae
Halva
Seed and leaves
Seeds are eaten by school children and road side laborers. Plant is sun dried and stored as a fodder with other grasses for winter season for consumption to domestic cattle*
Urticaria, eczema, pimples, and abortifacient [26]
Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Herb), 58787
Asteraceae
—
Roots
It is used to treat asthma, treat stomach disease, rheumatism, liver complaint
Paste of roots is used to cure boils [36], growing wild earlier, now a cultivated crop of the region [27]
Jasminum officinale L. (Shrub), 58759
Oleaceae
Swain
Leaves and Stems
Leaves and stems are used in the marriage ceremonies as aesthetic value and others are used for religious purposes*
Leaves and flowers are used for cough, fever, and as blood purifier [29]
Lactuca dissecta D. Don (Herb), 58602
Asteraceae
Dudhil
Leaves and stems
Paste is used to cures infections of female external genital organs*
Fruit juice is applied to cure cracks of foot and hands and is also used as fuel. Leaves are used as fodder*
A new iridoid glycoside 6′-O-beta-apiofuranosylsweroside was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the roots along with the known compounds loganin and sweroside [38]; fresh leaves are crushed and the extract is poured in eyes to cure the cataract and to improve vision. Fresh leaves are used as fodder for goats [35]
Malva neglecta Wall. (Herb), 58420
Malvaceae
Sonchal
Leaves
Leaves of Stellaria media and Malva neglecta are cooked as mixed vegetable and eaten two or three times to cure constipation*
Malaria, bladder, kidney disorder, laxative [26], and antiobesity [39]
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. (Herb), 58771
Lamiaceae
Marhendri
Leaves with stems
A paste is also made from the leaves and applied to burst the boils for pus removal. Leaves are placed inside the container containing seeds to kill and prevent the attack of insects on the stored seeds; leaves with stems are also placed inside the catteries to protect them from ticks, mites, and rat flea*
Stomach problems, carminative, liver problems, vomiting and indigestion [25], cis-piperitone epoxide, piperitenone oxide, carvone, menthone, thymol,pulegone -thujone, (E) caryophyllene, myrcene, carvacrol, borneol, and p-cymene [40]. Medicinal use in diarrhoea and gut spasm, calcium channel blocking activity [41], insecticidal properties [42]
Morina coulteriana Royle (Herb), 58772
Morinaceae
Tinglaa
Flowers
Flowers are mixed with guggal (Roots of Jurinea macrocephala) for incense because of pleasant aroma
Flowers are mixed with guggal (Roots of Jurinea macrocephala and flowers of Morina coulteriana) for incense due to pleasant aroma*
The root powder is applied as poultice in boils for sucking the puss out of it and facilitating healing of the wounds [22]. Boils [13], used as incense in the preparation of dhoop and agarbattis and so forth yield an essential oil [15]
Morus serrata Roxb. (Tree), 58751
Moraceae
Kruum
Fruits and Wood
Fruits are eaten and leaves are used as fodder; wood is used to make furniture
The fruits are edible and are used as digestive stimulant and to relieve constipation and other digestive problems. The leaves are used for fodder. Wood is used for furniture and fuel [35]
Onosma hispida Wall. ex G. Don (Herb), 58453
Boraginaceae
Kom
Roots and leaves
Used for cuts, swells, wound, and ulcer. Lama (Priest or Bhot people) use the dye for religious ceremonies*
Root extract is used for pneumonia and typhoid fever and also used for dyeing hairs [25], stimulant, blood purifier, cuts, swelling, ulcers [26]
Origanum vulgare L. (Herb), 58774
Lamiaceae
Marua
Leaves, and stems
Aerial part of Origanum vulgare in combination with Thymus linearis is crushed with water and juice is made, given 4-5 teaspoon orally three times a day during high fever in children; this is very effective medication. Also used as a coolant. Also used as fodder*
Paste of leaves and terminal shoots along with 2-3 fruits of black pepper (Piper nigrum) is applied to boils, ulcers, wounds, cuts, and weeping eczema. Paste of leaves is reported to be useful in healing the wounds caused by fire burns. The root pieces of plant are bound in a cloth piece and tied to the necks of infants as a protective measures against conjunctivitis [22], cold, fever, hysteria, menstrual complaints, and tonic [13]; leaves and tops cut prior to blooming are used as a flavouring agent; origanum oil is carminative stomachache, diuretic, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue and is used as a stimulant and tonic in diarrhoea. Given in whooping cough and bronchitis because of its spasmolytic action, also employed in cosmetics and soaps [15]
Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill (Herb), 58775
Polygonaceae
Suchali
Leaves
Leaves and inflorescence are edible
Whole plant is used for appetite, fever, laxative [26], and leaves, and inflorescence are edible [27]
Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Herb), 58756
Phytolaccaceae
Ranshag, Ashlu
Leaves
Young tender leaves are used for the preparation of vegetable
Fresh leaves are boiled and consumed to relieve bodyache and diarrhoea [43]
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth (Herb), 58764
Scrophulariaceae
Kour
Roots
5–10 gm of dried powder is taken with water, two times a day, to relieve from joint pains
To cure anaemia, asthma, diarrhoea, jaundice, promotes secretion of bile and used in stomach diseases [13]; roots are used in abdominal pains and as a purgative too. One to two leaves are crushed and drops of the juice are poured in the nose to stop bleeding [22], constitute the drug picrorhiza, and are used as a substitute of Indian Gentian (Gentiana kurroo) containing picrorhizin, kutkin, and other compounds [15]
Podophylum hexandrum Royle (Herb), 58752
Berberidaceae
Bankakri
Roots Fruit
Roots are dried and used in powered form for joint pains, arthritis, and asthma, Fruits are edible
The root powder is administered internally for gastric ulcers. It is applied as a paste on cuts and wounds for regeneration of the tissues. Decoction of roots is used to cure liver problems [27] and hepatic diseases [13] Fruits are edible [15], diarrhoea [13, 44–46], blood diarrhoea [34, 47], chronic constipation [14], anticancer [17] and they constitute a compound called, podophyllin, which is commonly used as a purgative; podophyllotoxin is the active principle. Podophyllin is an effective vermifuge. Recently it has acquired importance because of its possible use in controlling some forms of cancer.
Polygonum alpinum Allioni.(Herb), 58786
Polygonaceae
Chohr
Stem and leaves
Tender stems are eaten raw to cure the cracks of lips and gums. Leaves are used as fodder*
Cough, dysentery, haemostasis, tonic, abortion, wounds, and heart burn [26]
Potentilla nubicola Lindl. ex Lacaita (Fragaria nubicola Hook.) (Herb), 58753
Rosaceae
Dhul-akhre
Fruits
Fruits are collected and eaten raw
Fruits and leaves are used as carminative, for stomach ulcers, and as antiseptic [29]
Prunus cornuta (Wall. ex Royle) Steud. (Tree), 58762
Rosaceae
Jammu
Fruits and Stem
Fruits are eaten. Stems are used for making many agricultural tools and also used as fuel. It is reported that the leaves are avoided to cattle fodder as the leaves are considered very poisonous and kill the cattle*
Roots are sun dried and ground to powered form, then by adding water a thick paste is made and paste is then applied on the cuts and wounds for healing. Leaves are dried and ground with wheat flour for use during winters
Used as astringent, laxative [15], asthma, cough, fever, piles, skin diseases, ulcers, and wounds [13]; the paste of the root mixed in water is applied externally in muscular injury, cuts, wounds, and mumps and to forehead in headache. The watery extract is given orally in stomach pains, constipation dysentery, swelling of the throat and tonsillitis. Lotion is dropped in ears in earache [22]; leaves are dried and ground with wheat flour for use during winters [27]
Rubia cordifolia L. (Herb), 58780
Rubiaceae
Mishtu
Leaves and stems
A paste of Rubia cordifolia and Cynodon dactylon (Doob grass) is applied around the snakebite*
Root decoction with water is given to cure urinary infection; paste is used as an ointment to skin diseases. Root is also used to make dyes [43]; roots are used for blood purification, liver problems, swellings, nervous disorders, gouts, rheumatism, uterine tumors, bleeding control, leucorrhoea, wounds, cough, bone fractures, and general debility [25]
Rubus ellipticus Sm. (Shrub), 58754
Rosaceae
Aakhre
Fruits
Fruits are eaten by the local people
Fruit is edible and is having cooling effect. Spiny branches are used as fence around fields. Leaves are browsed by goats [35]. Young shoot is chewed raw to relieve sudden stomach pain. Root decoction is given to the children to get rid of stomach warm. Root paste is applied on forehead during severe headache; fruit is edible [43]
Rubus niveus Thunb. (Shrub), 58755
Rosaceae
Lal aakhre
Fruits
Fruits are eaten
Fresh root tips are used for curing excessive bleeding during menstrual cycle [23]
Rumex acetosa L. (Herb), 58634
Polygonaceae
Podoi
Leaves
Leaves are collected and used as vegetable, Eaten as a leaf vegetable. Used as a good fodder for cattle*
Leaves are crushed and solution is made and used as pesticide to kill pests. Also leaves are crushed and paste is made with milk, churned curd, or with the urine of cow and applied on the area around the snake bite on the body*
Juice is prepared by smashing leaves and young shoots are applied to heal wounds. Root is crushed and the juice applied on the scalp prevents hair loss [43]; roots are boiled in water and applied externally for swellings and joints pain [25]; leaves are crushed and applied on wounds as an ant allergic [23]
Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Muell.-Arg. (Shrub), 58767
Buxaceae
Diyund
Leaves and Stems
Leaves are ground and paste is applied on the burns for quick relief. Paste acts as coolant. Stem is used as fuel and leaves in the ceiling of roof of houses as a waterproof medium*
Aqueous extract is used as antipyretic and calmative [48]
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. (Herb), 58439
Asteraceae
Kuth
Roots
Plant roots are used in the treatment of cold and also for joint pain. Dried roots are ground to powdered form and taken orally
Joint pains [45], rheumatism [13, 14, 41, 49], spasmogenic, hypotensive, bronchodilatory, duretic [15], and CNS depressant [17]. Roots are internally used for asthma, cough, paralysis, brain problems, nervous problems, rheumatism, gouts, throat problems, and influenza and as a sex stimulant [25]; root paste is applied externally to cure joint pains [23]
Leaves of Stellaria media and Malva neglecta are cooked as mixed vegetable and eaten two or three times to cure constipation*
Burns, boils, bone fracture, and wounds [26]; leaf paste of the plant is also applied on wounds caused by burning [23]
Taraxacum officinalis Wigg. (Herb), 58287
Asteraceae
Dudhi
Leaves, Roots
Leaves are used as bandage on cuts. Root powder is used against headache and fever. It is also used to cure jaundice
Liver complaints [13], jaundice, liver problems [46], rheumatic pains [45]; BA-hypoglycemic, antitumor [17], germacranolide acids, glucans, mannan, proteins, scopoletin, esculetin [15], diester of taraxanthin, lactupicrin, triterpenes [50], and fresh and dried rhizomes constitute the drug, The rhizomes roots and leaves are eaten as salad, used in soups, and cooked as vegetable. Leaves and open flowers are used in the manufacture of beer, wines, and other diet drinks [15]. Blood purifier, dislocation of joints, dysentery, gastric, ulcers, kidney diseases, and liver complaints [13], taraxacin, taraxacerin, phytosterols, taraxasterol and homo-taraxasterol [14]; whole plant is crushed into a mesh and given internally in snakebite. The paste is also applied externally on the wound. Leaves are effectively used for fomentation in swollen parts, boils, and sprains [22]
Thymus linearis Benth. (Herb), 58770
Lamiaceae
Sunouni
Aerial parts
Aerial part of Origanum vulgare in combination with Thymus linearis is crushed with water and juice is made, given 4-5 teaspoon orally three times a day during high fever in children; this is very effective medication. Juice extracted by crushing is taken orally*
Neutral and acidic carbohydrate protein polymer, glycoprotein [15]. Root and seed decoction is taken to treat diarrhoea and cough. Curry, prepared using shoot tips, is given to female during child delivery as their slipperiness is believed to help delivering child. Rheumatism [13], gout [10], antidiabetic, anticancerous, antianaemic, muscle stimulant [17], vitamin and carotenes, betaine, choline, and amino acids [17]
Valeriana jatamansi DC. (Herb), 58769
Valerianaceae
Shamak, Mushakwala
Roots
Skin disorder is cured. Added in incense for better aroma*
-bulnesene, -guaiene, guaiol, seychellene, viridiflorol, and -gurjunene [52]
Verbascum thapsus L. (Herb), 58300
Scrophulariaceae
Jangli Tamaku
Flower and leaves
Paste of flower and leaves is applied on boils
Leaves and fruits are used in diarrhoea and pulmonary disease of cattle. Leaves are also used as demulcent, in pectoral complaints and as local application in piles, sunburns and inflammation of mucus membrane. Dried leaves are smoked and relieve irritation. Decoction of the leaves is used as a heart stimulant. Roots show febrifuge properties [15], asthma, cough, and fish poison [13]; crushed leaves are given in constipation and allied stomach pains [22]
Viburnum cotinifolium D. Don (Shrub), 58600
Caprifoliaceae
Ka
Fruits
Ripe fruits are edible raw
Fruit is considered to be laxative and blood purifier. Leaves extract is applied in menorrhagia [48]
Viburnum grandiflorum Buch-Ham. ex D. Don (Shrub), 58768
Caprifoliaceae
Tilhanj
Fruits and stem
Ripe fruits are eaten raw and stem is used as fuel*
Seed juice is given to treat whooping cough and typhoid [53]
Viola canescens Wall. ex Roxb (Herb), 58766
Violaceae
Ratmundi/Vanksha
Flowers
Decoction of flowers with cinnamon, fennel, and clove is recommended for cough, asthma, and other respiratory tract problems*
Antimalarial [52] and antiplasmodial activity [54]; leaves paste is mixed with brown sugar to be used against cough, cold, and other respiratory problems [35]
Viscum album L. (Climber), 58750
Loranthaceae
Ranau
Bark
A paste of bark is used on the fresh burns for the healing. It is highly useful in healing the deep wounds caused by fire burns*
Decoction made from whole plant is used for enlarged spleen [55]
