Radiotracer Technology in Mixing Processes for Industrial Applications

Table 1

Elementary models used in experimental RTD data analysis [4].

Model’s name	Model’s symbol	Parameters	Laplace’s transformations
Plug flow		𝑇	exp(−𝑇𝑠)
Perfect mixing cells in series		𝜏, 𝐽	𝜏1+𝐽𝑠^−𝐽
Perfect mixing cells in series with backmixing		𝜏, 𝐽, 𝛼	1𝛼1+2𝛼+𝜏𝑠𝐽−𝑏; 𝑏=1+2𝜏𝑠𝐽(1+2𝛼)+𝜏𝑠𝐽^21/2
Perfect mixers in series with exchange zones		𝜏, 𝐽, 𝑡𝑚, 𝐾	1+𝑡𝑚𝑠1+𝑡+𝑡𝑚+𝑡𝐾𝑠+𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑠^2𝐽; 𝜏𝑡=𝐽(1+𝐾)

𝑇: residence time, 𝜏: mean residence time, 𝐽: number of perfect mixers, 𝛼: part of the backmixing flow, 𝑡_𝑚: mean residence time for exchange zones, 𝐾: volume ratio between exchange zones and mixing cells.