Empirical Research on Decoupling Relationship between Energy-Related Carbon Emission and Economic Growth in Guangdong Province Based on Extended Kaya Identity

Table 3

Decoupling elasticity values and decoupling states of various decomposition factors in Guangdong from 1996 to 2011.

(a)

	Energy mix		Energy intensity		Industrial structure		Land economic output
	Value; 𝐷𝑚	State of; decoupling	Value; 𝐷𝑑	State of; decoupling	Value; 𝐷𝑠	State of decoupling	Value; 𝐷𝑔	State of; decoupling
1996	−0.03	SD	−0.40	SD	−0.07	SD	1.03	EC
1997	−0.03	SD	−0.53	SD	−0.10	SD	1.07	EC
1998	−0.04	SD	−0.52	SD	−0.07	SD	1.09	EC
1999	−0.05	SD	−0.46	SD	−0.07	SD	1.11	EC
2000	−0.02	SD	−0.47	SD	−0.08	SD	1.11	EC
2001	−0.02	SD	−0.46	SD	−0.10	SD	1.13	EC
2002	−0.02	SD	−0.42	SD	−0.09	SD	1.14	EC
2003	−0.01	SD	−0.39	SD	−0.02	SD	1.14	EC
2004	−0.02	SD	−0.37	SD	0.01	WD	1.14	EC
2005	−0.01	SD	−0.34	SD	0.03	WD	1.13	EC
2006	−0.01	SD	−0.34	SD	0.03	WD	1.14	EC
2007	0.00	WD	−0.33	SD	0.02	WD	1.14	EC
2008	0.01	WD	−0.37	SD	0.02	WD	1.16	EC
2009	0.02	WD	−0.36	SD	0.01	WD	1.16	EC
2010	0.04	WD	−0.42	SD	0.02	WD	1.18	EC
2011	0.04	WD	−0.37	SD	0.01	WD	1.17	EC

(b)

	Land urbanization		Urban area of; per capita		Population; urbanization		Population size		Total decoupling; elasticity
	Value; −𝐷𝑙	State of; decoupling	Value; 𝐷𝑟	State of; decoupling	Value 𝐷ℎ	State of; decoupling	Value; 𝐷𝑝	State of; decoupling	Value; 𝐷𝑡	State of; decoupling
1996	0.14	WD	−0.20	SD	0.19	WD	0.15	WD	0.53	WD
1997	0.16	WD	−0.17	SD	0.17	WD	0.16	WD	0.41	WD
1998	0.11	WD	−0.19	SD	0.14	WD	0.16	WD	0.47	WD
1999	0.17	WD	−0.13	SD	0.11	WD	0.19	WD	0.52	WD
2000	0.29	WD	0.01	WD	0.09	WD	0.22	WD	0.56	WD
2001	0.50	WD	0.22	WD	0.10	WD	0.20	WD	0.58	WD
2002	0.55	WD	0.09	WD	0.30	WD	0.19	WD	0.63	WD
2003	0.66	WD	−0.11	SD	0.61	WD	0.17	WD	0.73	WD
2004	0.86	EC	0.17	WD	0.55	WD	0.16	WD	0.77	WD
2005	0.85	EC	0.16	WD	0.54	WD	0.15	WD	0.82	EC
2006	0.78	WD	0.15	WD	0.48	WD	0.15	WD	0.83	EC
2007	0.78	WD	0.20	WD	0.44	WD	0.15	WD	0.84	EC
2008	0.76	WD	0.19	WD	0.42	WD	0.15	WD	0.83	EC
2009	0.76	WD	0.22	WD	0.40	WD	0.15	WD	0.83	EC
2010	0.75	WD	0.22	WD	0.38	WD	0.16	WD	0.83	EC
2011	0.73	WD	0.23	WD	0.36	WD	0.15	WD	0.85	EC

Notes: SD represents strong decoupling; WD represents weak decoupling; EC represents expansive coupling.