Characterization of Odorous Compounds (VOC and Carbonyl Compounds) in the Ambient Air of Yeosu and Gwangyang, Large Industrial Areas of South Korea

Table 9

Comparison of the concentrations (ppb) of VOC reported in present method with other cities in the world.

S. No.	City/country	Sampling period	Site characteristics		Analysis	BZ	TOL	XYLN	MIBK	EA	STR	T/B ratio	Reference
1	Pohang/Korea*	Jan, 2006–Feb, 2009	Steel, Ferro-alloy industries	—	On-line TD/GC-FID	0.12	0.18	0.13	—	—	0.34	1.50	[18]
			Residential			0.78	2.50	0.66	—	—	0.14	3.21
2	Yokohoma/Japan	June 2007–Nov, 2008	Petrochemical industries	69	GC-FID	0.70~2.10	1.60~5.20	0.40~2.10	—	0.40~0.60	—	—	[19]
			Residential			0.40~0.90	1.90~2.20	0.20~0.70	—	0.60	—	—
3	Tzouying/Taiwan	Oct-Nov, 2004	Oil refinery	24	GC-MS	1.6~2.5	24.5~42.00	1.5~2.10	—	—	—	—	[20]
4	Kaohsiung/Taiwan	July and Oct, 2003	Petrochemical industrial park (Rush hours)	—	GC-MS	11.29	160.88	22.07	—	—	15.16	14.25	[21]
			Nonrush hours			13.49	101.99	15.15	—	—	—	7.56
5	Southern Taiwan, Ping-Nan IP	July, 2003–Dec, 2004	Iron and steel industries	129	GC-FID	1.98	4.33	3.72	—	—	—	2.18	[22]
	Rem-Wu IP		Petrochemical and general manufacturing industries			1.99	14.52	7.14	—	—	—	7.29
	Naan-Zi IP		Petroleum and petrochemical industries			2.17	5.41	4.95	—	—	—	2.49
6	Shanghai/China	Jan, 2007–Mar, 2010	Chemical and steel industries	284	GC-MS	1.81	4.70	1.89	—	2.09	0.14	2.59	[23]
7	Mumbai/India*	2004	Petrochemical, pharma, and plastic industries	—	TD/GC-MS	0.62	1.47	0.02	—	—	0.03	2.37	[24]
8	Mumbai/India*	May 2001–Apr, 2002	Petrochemical industries	24	TD/GC-MS	60.98	20.42	0.03	—	—	—	0.33	[25]
			Residential			13.71	7.48	0.25	—	—	—	0.55
9	Dunkerque/France*	July–Sep, 2009	Petrochemical, chemical, and steel industries	—	GC-FID	0.12	0.31	0.19	—	—	0.03	2.58	[26]
10	Dunkerque/France*	Jan, 2007	Petrochemical, chemical, and steel industries	—	TD/GC-FID	0.58	2.59	0.63	—	—	—	4.46	[27]
		June, 2007				0.47	0.54	0.18	—	—	—	1.14
11	Seoul/Korea	Feb–Jul, 2009	Urban residential	18	GC-MS	0.58	5.39	1.16	—	—	0.45	9.29	[28]
12	Yeosu industrial/Korea	May, Aug, Oct 2008, Jan 2009	Oil refinery and [petrochemical industries	234	TD/GC-MS	3.65	3.25	3.08	0.11	0.39	0.25	0.89	this study
	Yeosu residential/Korea		Residential	160	TD/GC-MS	1.07	1.61	0.46	0.01	0.11	0.15	1.50
	Gwangyang industrial/Korea		Steel industries	239	TD/GC-MS	1.64	0.97	1.37	0.01	0.12	0.01	0.59
	Gwangyang residential/Korea		Residential	199	TD/GC-MS	0.59	0.98	0.48	<0.01	0.10	<0.01	1.66
	Suncheon comparison/Korea		Residential	240	TD/GC-MS	0.38	0.68	0.26	<0.01	0.07	<0.01	1.79

: no. of data; TD: thermal desorption; BZ: benzene; TOL: toluene; XYLN: m, p, o-xylenes; STR: styrene; EA: ethyl acetate; STR: styrene; IP: industrial park.*Concentration of VOC is reported by those authors in g/m³ and in present table they are converted into ppb (at 15°C).