Review Article
An Overview of Important Ethnomedicinal Herbs of Phyllanthus Species: Present Status and Future Prospects
Table 2
Pharmacological effect of major phytochemicals in Phyllanthus amarus, P. debilis, P. fraternus, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, and P. virgatus.
| Species | Class | Phytoconstituent | Pharmacological effect | Reference |
| P. amarus | Lignan | Phyllanthin | Hepatoprotective | [43] | | | | Anticancer, antitumour | [44] | | | | Antileukemia | [45] | | | | Antibacterial | [46] | | | | Antiamnestic | [47] | | | | Antiaging | | | | Antioxidant | [6] | | | | Anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic | [48] | | | Hypophyllanthin | Antitumor, anticancer | [44] | | | Niranthin | Antitumor | [20] | | | | Antiviral | [10] | | | | Anti-inflammatory | [9] | | | Phyltetralin | Anti-inflammatory | [9] | | | Nirtetralin | Anti-inflammatory | [9] | | | | Antiviral | [10] | | | | Reverses multidrug resistance | [49, 50] | | | Hinokinin | Antiviral | [10] | | Flavonoid | Rutin | Radioprotective | [12] | | | | Antioxidant | [18] | | | Quercetin-3-O-glucoside | Antioxidant | [18] | | Tannin | Geraniin | Antiviral | [10, 51] | | | | Radioprotective | [12] | | | | Hepatoprotective | [52] | | | Amariin | Antioxidant | [18] | | | | Radioprotective | [12] | | | | Hepatoprotective | [52] | | | Repandusinic acid A | Antioxidant | [18] | | | | Radioprotective | [12] | | | Corilagin | Antioxidant | [18] | | | | Radioprotective | [12] | | | | Antiviral | [51] | | | Phyllanthusiin A, B, C, D | Antioxidant | [18] | | | | radioprotective | [12] | | Alkaloid | Norsecurinine | Antifungal | [21] | | Volatile oil | Linalool, phytol | Antimicrobial | [24, 53] | | Polyphenol | | Anticancer | [54] |
| P. fraternus | Alkamide | E,E-2,4-Octadienamide | Antiplasmodial | [28] | | | E,Z-2,4-Decadienamide | Antiplasmodial | [28] |
| P. debilis | Oxirano-furanocoumarin | Debelalactone | Antihepatotoxic | [25] |
| P. tenellus | Lignan | Niranthin | Antiviral | [10] | | | Nirtetralin | Antiviral | [10] | | | Hinokinin | Antiviral | [10] |
| P. urinaria | Lignan | Phyltetralin | Anti-inflammatory | [31] | | | Phyllanthin | Anti-inflammatory | [31] | | Flavonoid | Quercetin | Anti-inflammatory | [31] | | | Rutin | Anti-inflammatory | [31] | | | Rhamnocitrin | Anti-inflammatory | [31] | | Coumarin | Methylbrevifolin carboxylate | Antioxidant | [31] | | Ellagitannin | Geraniin | Antiviral | [55] | | | | Antioxidant | [56] | | | Ellagic acid | Antiangiogenic | [57] | | | | Antiviral | [37] | | Sterol | β-Sitosterol | Analgesic | [58] | | | | Anti-inflammatory | [59] | | Triterpene | β-Amyrin | Analgesic | [60] | | | Methyl gallate | Antioxidant | [31] | | | Trimethyl 1-3,4 dehydrochebulate | Antioxidant | [31] |
| P. virgatus | Lignan | Niranthin | Antiviral | [10] | | | Nirtetralin | Antiviral | [10] | | | Hinokinin | Antiviral | [10] | | | Virgatusin | Antibacterial | [61] | | Ellagitannin | Geraniin | Antiviral | [10] |
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